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General Woodworking

last new project to end 2025......pt X

Accidental Woodworker - Sun, 12/14/2025 - 3:25am

fitting the doors

With the back I moved on to fitting the doors. Not 100% - just fitted them loose and get an even margin on the top, bottom, and hinge sides. Started with the left door by fitting the bottom first, then the hinge side, and finally the top. Took a while because I was fighting the urge to take just one more swipe the entire time.

done

Fitted the right door next and then planed the shim on latch side of the right door. There is roughly a 16th gap on the top and bottom on both doors.

This is all I got done today. I didn't feel like driving to Woodcraft today and I'll do it tomorrow.

came today

I ordered these off Etsy and they came from England. I assumed they were coming from the USA but I was wrong. They came surprisingly quick considering they came across the big pond. These would have been a better fit for the chest I made for my sister.

Spent most of the day reading. I made a small dent in the pile of books awaiting me, finished one and continued another I've slogging my way through for a couple of months now.

accidental woodworker

ICDT Contemporary Shelves 1

JKM Woodworking - Sat, 12/13/2025 - 5:47am

I am making this project with my daughter. I have a book from Popular Woodworking's I Can Do That series that is good for beginner projects. We looked through it and decided on the Contemporary Shelves. I think there's more than one project with that name. The one we picked looks like this:

photo from book and adapted drawing

It is made from 2x12 construction lumber. In my plans I made it less wide and removed one of the shelves to decrease the total height. I also carried the sides down to the floor rather than using scrap for feet.

2x12s, marked which side to face up when going through planer

Luckily I had three 2x12s and some offcuts. At the store I try to select ones with minimal defects, but they're never perfect. I try to avoid getting the pith (center), but I missed it on one or two of these as it was only visible on one end.

I wanted them noticeably thinner than basic 2x lumber, but I don't think I achieved that. I ran them through the planer several times until I was tired of it and they were 1 1/8" thick. Planing made them thinner but didn't remove all of the cupping and twisting.

the planer found a staple I put this stuff around the bushes

For crosscutting I used a sled on the bandsaw. This only works if the cut on the left is less than 13-14 inches. So I handcut some pieces until they fit. There's lots of imperfections here that add up. The faces and edges may not be flat or square, the sled has some wobble, some long boards are too heavy hanging over the right side, etc. It's quick and rough.

push the sled through rough cut edges

For joinery I considered long nails or screws. Those would work going through the sides into the shelves. But I couldn't figure out how to fasten the uprights going down the center. Pocket screws would work but leave ugly slots. I decided to domino those pieces, which progressed to using dominos for almost everything.

lining up where the shelves will fasten to the sides domino the center uprights to the shelves dry fit, upside-down

The bottom will have pocket screws going into the sides. I think that will be more secure, as all of the other joints are 'trapped' but the bottom-to-side joint could actually spread apart. Also they won't be visible. Also I wouldn't have to worry about carefully measuring and aligning the domino locations.

pencil line shows where I expected the bottom to line up vs where it actually ended up the top will overhang the sides about 1 1/8"

So I've been paused at that stage for over two weeks. So far my daughter's had more of an executive supervisory role than a participatory role. I've been using noisy, dusty tools. Now I think she can help more with hand sanding, gluing, clamping, and finishing. But it's below freezing in the garage so I will have to find a suitable area indoors.

Categories: General Woodworking

last new project to end 2025......pt IX

Accidental Woodworker - Sat, 12/13/2025 - 3:41am

 sigh....

The thing I was worried about happening, happened. While tapping the tails home with a mallet it split from the base of the tail outward to the cutout. Forced glue into the split and clamped it. I'll be putting this facing the back. 

I've noticed in the past with case hardened stock that it splits along the grain easily. I got lucky with only one hiccup to deal with.

hmm.....

The ends are short and I was thinking of skipping bearers there. The bearers are set down from the top of the base a 1/8".

 sneak peek

I like the height of the base. It will make it easier to access the bottom shelf contents. Potential problem is the carcass and the base aren't laying flat against each other.

option one

Cove molding - don't know the size but it looks appropriate.

option two

I am pretty sure that this is a 1/4", quarter round. Don't like this as much as the first one.

 option two on the front

There is a margin between the quarter round and the top of the bottom of the shelf. 

option one on the front

There isn't much of a margin with the cove molding. This one is the loser. Option two is the winner with the wider margin.

 changed a wee bit again

I screwed the carcass to the base. No more misalignment, or any twist between the two is gone too. The door fit changed a wee bit but overall they were still square in the opening. The left one got snugger at the top left corner and the right one a wee bit looser. I will make any final adjustments/fitting once I get the hinges installed.

Speaking of hinges I ordered them today from Horton Brasses. I ordered two sets of 2" hinges for $75. I wanted the 2 1/2" hinges but the 2" were $5 cheaper each.

thinking ahead

I only have 4 screws holding the carcass to the base for now. I'm not sure if I'll have to take the carcass off again. I am also rethinking the back for the bookcase. I am mulling over 3 options. Option one is to rout a rabbet and put in a 1/4" plywood panel. Option 2 is rout a rabbet and use 1/2" or 3/8" thick solid wood boards. Option 3 is a frame and panel, with the panels being 6mm birch plywood.

door astragal layout

Three sizes of shaker knobs for the doors. All three will fit without looking crowded with an astragal that is 1 1/2" wide. Top and bottom knobs are maple and the middle ones are cherry. The bottom ones are the winners so far

and the winner is....

Option 3 won the brass ring. I like the options 1 & 2 because they protruded less into the bookcase then option 3. However, I like the look of the option 3 more than the other 2. Plowed a 6mm groove in the rails and stiles.

 fitting the rails and stiles

Sawed the shoulders with a dozuki, split the tenons with a chisel, and fitted them with the rabbet block plane.  

dry fitted

I had to use a center stile because I can't get 6mm plywood large enough to fit the opening. I like the center stile and the two smaller panel openings. All the joints line up pretty good but I will have to plane them flush after it is glued up.

Road trip to the Walpole Woodcraft tomorrow or sunday. Most likely sunday because the traffic will be less.

better choice

While working on the bookcase I saw a boatload of 1/2 round maple stuck in the joist bays.It is 7/8" wide and I will using it as the astragal. This will also blend in with the 1/4 round on the top of the base.

door catch

This will go on the bottom inside of the left door. The right door will have the astragal attached to it and it is the door that you open first.

accidental woodworker 

last new project to end 2025......pt VIII

Accidental Woodworker - Fri, 12/12/2025 - 3:27am

 Today I had my post hospitalization check up. I still have the cough and the snot locker filling constantly but I do feel a lot better. The bitter, biting cough I had before is gone. The one now I feel in my chest with hacking up phlegm by the bucket. The cough is gentler and I don't feel like putting a gun to my head when I do cough.

The doc gave me a Rx for a cough suppressant and something to help with the phlegm. On the 29th I have a pulmonary function test and on Jan 9th I have another MRI. That is the one I'm anxious about because it will reveal whether I had pneumonia or lung cancer. The important thing in my mind is that I had an improvement in my condition be taking the pneumonia antibiotics. Fingers crossed till the tell tale MRI.

happy face on

The base stock behaved over night. I was expecting to see the long ones to be curled up like pretzels. The right long has a bit of bow to it but I can easily work around that.

new template

Not much difference in them. The bottom one is only an inch taller than the top one. 

one down and one to go

I put the tails on the short ends so the from the front the view will be square - ish tails vice triangular pins. This is where I killed the lights to go to the VA. New traffic patterns/construction on RTE10 made that a fun ride. Glad that I left early.

filler on the latch side

This had been cooking in the clamps for two days. Unclamped it and sawed the ends flush. I will leave the shim full width until I get the hinges installed.

hmmm.......

Both doors would not lay in the opening square. Penciled the shim overlay and it was tapered. Realized that I had fitted the doors to fit with the carcass in a specific orientation this way wasn't it. Flipped it 180 and both doors laid up square in the opening. The gap on the latch side was now parallel top to bottom. Labeled the top/bottom along with the L and R.

last three

No surprises chopping the pin waste. Another thing I was bit apprehensive about due to the case hardening I saw when ripping the stock.

fits

This baser is snugger than the first one I did. It was a frog hair or two too snug but I managed to get it on. The length has about a 1/8" of wiggle room while the width has none.

base cutout done

I double, triple checked this before I bandsawed out the waste. I have done this in the past with one leg cut out in the wrong direction. Tends to suck the wind out of the sails in a heart beat.

 tricky cut out

I couldn't bandsaw the waste in one continuous cut. However, I could gang them together and rasp the cutouts even and smooth.

 different op for the long ones

I ganged the two long ones together and rasped the ends together. The long straight run between the ends I did individually.

 one more dry fit

I sanded the insides of the base with 80 grit and that helped a wee bit. It was still snug but was easier to get it started. Glued it and put it back on to cook in place. The clamps are there to keep it from sliding down.

Tomorrow I'll get the bearers installed and eyeball how the bookcase looks with the base attached. I should be able to finish this before the new year shakes hands with me.

accidental woodworker 

last new project to end 2025......pt VII

Accidental Woodworker - Thu, 12/11/2025 - 3:35am
came too late

Whenever I see these I usually buy them, especially the war time publications. This one is packed with wood characteristics, plans, and repair procedures. I wish I had gotten it before I started the last project for this year.

look familiar 

What struck me was the door stop detail at the top and the bottom. The top stop is something I haven't seen before and it would have worked perfectly for my two door bookcase.

 after dinner

I went back to the shop, chopped the pins, dry fitted the base, and checked the fit on the carcass. It was a little snug on one corner but I moved the opposite corner until it slipped over the carcass. I didn't bother squaring the base - I used the carcass to set the fit.

template

None of the templates I already had looked good to my eye. Once I'm done using it I'll put with the other templates.

done

Got all four cutouts done with one continuous saw cut on the bandsaw. After cleaning the saw cuts with planes, spokeshaves, and 100 grit sandpaper, I was ready to glue it up.

big sigh

Got the base glued up and all the tails fully seated. The plan was to use the carcass to hold the base as it cooked. However, it dawned me here that I had done a huge brain fart that still the smell still lingers in the shop. I made this base way too big. If fits in this orientation but it is the wrong one.

This is without a doubt one of, if not the #1 bone head me-steaks I have made in the shop ever. I don't know how I hadn't seen this the previous night. I only saw it after the base was glued and on the carcass and I was thinking of the doors. That is when the bells started to ring and echo in the brain bucket.

I don't think this me-steak is something I will be able to recycle into using on something else. But just in case I will stow it in the boneyard after it has cooked.

new base

After the base screw up I left the shop. I got all my xmas shopping done and everything wrapped and ready to go. Stickered the new base stock but I don't have a good feeling about it. The pine seemed to be case hardened a wee bit. I had a devil of time ripping the long pieces. The blade pinched on the kerf for the first 1/3 of the rip cut. Got it done and I'll find out in the AM if this had stupid wood tricks up its sleeves.

one of the first base cut offs

Cleaned up and ready to layout for the shelf pins.

 layout done

Didn't plan it this way but it worked out in my favor. The last position on the drill guide is 7" from the bottom and the top one is 7 1/8" from the top.

 almost 6"

One good thing about the screw up is the base is now almost at the 6" I originally wanted. I will have to make a new template as the original is 4 1/2". 

Found some brass hinges from Horton Brasses that I like -$83 shipped. I'll dig into my wood stash $$$ and buy them probably next week. But now I have the problem of knobs for the doors. The added headache is I will have to work around the door astragal. There isn't a lot of real estate to play with between the astragal and the knob size. 

accidental woodworker 

today sucked........

Accidental Woodworker - Wed, 12/10/2025 - 3:49am

 At 0730 I tried to start my truck to go to the grocery store. The temp was 15 F - 9C then and the truck would not start. It coughed briefly and then the starter continually clicked. The truck had been hard starting for a few days but I assumed it was because of the cold temps lately. The voltage meter on the truck was barely above 10 volts, hadn't noticed before. Not enough to turn the engine over. 

A new battery was $161 to replace the one I had bought barely two years ago. The fun part commenced when I removed the old one and put in the new one. There was a shitload of battery acid residue all over the battery terminals and the clamp. Cleaning that up ate up a ton of time and calories.

The fun part was dropping the nuts for the battery clamp. Dropped them twice and both times I had to remove the new battery to find them. Took me over 30 minutes to find the 2nd dropped one. Did I mention that I was doing this in my driveway with the temp at 18F  -7.7C. It was #()%&@#)%*#@_)% cold and I was not a happy camper. I had to make a bazillion trips to my shop to get tools - tons of headaches trying to find metric wrenches. Ended up using combination wrenches and slip joint pliers. Eventually I got it done and voltage meter was reading in the normal range. 

The truck started up without a whimper several times as I checked it and the voltage meter each time throughout the day. Tomorrow I'm bringing the truck into the shop to have the alternator checked. I want to eliminate that not working at 100%. That was almost 2 hours I'll never get back.

last night after dinner

Before dinner I had the long and one short glazing bar glued. After dinner I glued on the last one.

 2nd door

I glued on all three glazing bars on the 2nd door. The doors will be done come the AM.

flushed

After eyeballing the glazing bars I decided to flush them. The end of one of them got squished a wee bit and that drove flushing them.

hmm......

The right hand door tapered gap is the same. I thought that maybe the glazing bars might have been a magic fix. 

good sign

The vertical muntins in spite of the gap, are still aligned L to R and R to L. The left door is snug and the right one also is loose fitting along with having a gap. I need two sets of hinges but that may take a while. A decent hinge set runs about $30 or  more. Might have to wait until after xmas before I buy them. 

 penciling the gap

The gap at the top is just shy of 3/16". I lined the rule on inboard edge at the top and at a tic mark at 1/8" inboard at the bottom. I want to sneak up on the fit by taking as little as possible off the hinge side of the door.

happy with this

It took three plane and checks before I was happy with the fit. It isn't perfect but I still have to fit the hinges. They tend to move the door a wee bit and I'll make any final adjustments then.

 even gap

I was glad to see the even gap (top to bottom) on the latch side of both doors. I wasn't sure if correcting for the tapered gap would show up here afterwards.

flushing the tails/pins

This setup worked well for this planing operation. I had to move it 8 times to plane the corners but no hiccups doing it.

shim glued and cooking

The first shim I couldn't use because it wasn't wide enough. Didn't notice it when I sawed it out. This one is twice the thickness needed but it gives me a lot of wiggle room for adjusting. It will also be hidden under the door astragal yet to come. Can't think of one that fits in with the overall Shaker look of this bookcase.

base stock

My original plan was to make this 6 1/2" high but nixed it. That would have used up two 6 foot 1x12's. Instead I made it 4 1/2" high and got it all out of one 6 foot 1x12.

 ready for dovetailing

The four small pieces are the bearers that the carcass will rest on. They are 3/4" x 3/4".

 sawing the tails

Joining the base together with through dovetails. I thought of doing half blinds but went with through. I don't mind the look of seeing the tails and pins.

 stayed late

Tails are done and I got the pins sawn. Stayed in the shop until 1530 to get them to that point. In the AM I'll chop the waste and dry fit the base. I made it a 16th wider and longer for wiggle room. I will cover any gaps with a cove molding.

accidental woodworker

Some shop doings

Peter Follansbee, joiner's notes - Tue, 12/09/2025 - 8:27am
box parts, for 2026

Every winter there’s a few days it’s too cold to bother trying to heat the shop with my small woodstove. It works out, there’s always some other stuff to do. Today, which started at about 10 degrees F/-12C provides an excellent chance to take a moment to post to this blog. Since the middle of 2023 I’ve mostly concentrated my writing on my substack blog – https://peterfollansbeejoinerswork.substack.com/ which I still think of it as the “new” blog. Here’s some of what’s been going on in my shop lately.

First – a detour related to the cold and the time of year. My wife Maureen and daughter Rose have been knitting & crocheting away and have updated their Etsy site –https://www.etsy.com/shop/MaureensFiberArts

All right, on to the woodworking. A customer ordered a copy-as-close-as-I-can-get of a box at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York – and that included a lock with hasp. My friend Mark Atchison finished the lock recently and two days ago I spent time cautiously chopping into the carved box front to house the lock. Whenever I do this, I first cut a practice housing in some scrap.

time spent practicing this is worth it

that gave me enough to go on – and I set out with the carved box front, starting with some depth holes bored with a spoon bit. Most of the modern bits I have include a lead screw that would poke through the board.

depth gauges

From there – chisel work.

chisel work

I did all the practice, then the real thing, then tested the fit of the lock, turned the key this way & that many times to make sure all was right. Then bored some small pilot holes and clinch-nailed the lock in place.

on it goes

Boy did that feel good. Every stroke perfect. Centered, tight. Too bad it didn’t work! The test-fits had just enough slop in the fit that the key threw the bolt easily enough. Once it was so tight onto the box front, it was pinched against the housing and there wasn’t enough space to throw the bolt. The key wouldn’t turn. I had to pry those nails out – and today was going to be the necessary trouble-shooting and re-fitting. Now I know what I’m doing tomorrow.

The box itself is a bit different for me – no till for one thing. That makes things easier. No rabbets at the corners – just four boards butted up to each other & nailed. I know many boxes were done that way in 17th century England.

LB carved box begun

Most New England examples are rabbeted. I think rabbets help line things up.

rabbet corner

This was the first time I’ve done one without rabbets. It was like first riding a bike without training wheels – a bit nerve-wracking.

There’s some ladderback chairs underway, also to fill orders. I finished one of the hickory bark seats last week and have one more to finish off later.

white oak chair, hickory bark seat

And I took a couple of days out to make some birch-bark containers, something I’ve dabbled in now & then. Anissa Kapsales was here to shoot the process for an article coming up in Fine Woodworking – or is it Fine Bark-working? I don’t know how “fine” my work was, but it was fun…amazing material.

outer layer wrapped up

last new project to end 2025......pt V

Accidental Woodworker - Tue, 12/09/2025 - 3:44am

disappointed

I paid $60 for this book and it isn't what I thought it was. I expected it to be history of plow plane makers in the United States. Other than a couple of paragraphs on the first page there was no other verbiage on companies making plow planes. However, the book was still an interesting read.

Instead of a history in words, the author did it with pics of plow planes and captions. He did it by state and makers. There were more Rhode Island plow plane makers then I knew. There were 6 of them and I didn't recognize any of the names. 

All in all it was a good read - I learned more about plow plane characteristics then I imagined existed. I learned the history of them and the makers in a different way. If I had known this before hand I wouldn't have bought the book.

hmm.......

I was not expecting the pinch rod to be on the workbench. The opposite diagonal was snug but the pinch rod fit. 

square

The four corners read square with Mr 18" Starrett. The diagonals were off a frog hair over a 16th.

left side door

This side continues to cooperate - the door fits snug and square.

sigh

The right side still is acting like the red headed, stuttering step child. As a twist the tapered gap is reversed now. The large end is at the top tapering to nothing at the bottom. I am leaving this as is and I will plane this right door to fit the existing conditions. I'll make up for the gap by gluing a shim on the latch side of the right door.

muntin work

Started with the left door doing the half lap on the muntin bars.

happy with this

The half lap is snug and I had to tap it together with a mallet.

glazing bar notch

I made the notch 1" long. That should be sufficient for anchoring the ends of the glazing bar. It will also be glued to the muntin.

dry fit

This looks good to my eye. The glazing bar is centered top to bottom and the ends fit snug in their respective notches.

short glazing bars

I went back and forth on the short glazing bar(s) on whether or not to half lap the long and short bars. I went with two separate short glazing bars. The muntins are 1" wide and are half lapped so that point is secure and strong. The short glazing bars will be secured by the notches and being glued to the muntin bar.

dry fit

All looks well on the back side of the door. After is glued up I might flush the glazing bars. I kind of like them being proud of the door frame. Right now I'm thinking of chamfering the outside ends and leaving them as is.

hmm......

Some router mishap crappola. I plan on leaving the bookcase natural with a shellac finish. Not sure if I'll leave this boo boo or fill them in with a dutchman. It is the back side of the door and won't be seen when the doors are shut.

 one down, one to go

Left door is dry fitted and awaiting glue up. Before I do that I will get the right door dry fitted too.

sigh

Took one more swipe twice and twice I ended up with the muntin loose fitting. I want and need this muntin to fit snug. I had to make a new muntin to play with. This time I didn't give into making just one more swipe.

 ta da

Three times was the charm. Long muntin fits snug and is self supporting. It even survived me shaking the door like a wild eyed idiot.

 right door muntins

Had to measure for the short muntin. I also placed the doors in the carcass opening to check the alignment of them Left and Right.

 if it looks straight......

The right door is a few frogs off center on the long muntin. I couldn't see it looking at the doors in place. I was more concerned that the short muntins lined up visually straight across each other.

right one dry fitted

Doing this went much better than I anticipated it. Other then the long muntin bar boo boo on the right door, everything else went smoothly and fell into place.

partial glue up on the left door

I glued the left door muntin half lap while I did the right door. I glued the long glazing bar in the notches and glued that to the muntin. I'll do the short glazing bars after dinner. I should be able to get at least one door glued and cooked today.

accidental woodworker

last new project to end 2025......pt IV

Accidental Woodworker - Mon, 12/08/2025 - 3:14am

hmm.....

This is where I left off with this yesterday. The left door fits snug and square. The right door at the lower right corner isn't square. New battle plan was formed in the brain bucket.

before that battle starts

Before I forgot to do it again, I did it. I really like these chest handles a lot but they are getting crazy expensive.

toast

This is the board that I used to drill the shelf pins in the single glass door cabinet. I wanted to use it for this for the two door glass bookcase but not anymore. I'll have to make a new one.

new idea for square

It dawned on me while eating breakfast that maybe the inside isn't square. I spent all my time and calories trying to get the outside of the carcass square. What is more important to be square is the inside where the doors will be hanging. BTW, I still haven't glued this up - trying to get it square dry first.

 found it

The outside diagonals are less than a 16th off. However, the inside diagonals were a 1/4" off. Problem solved.

big sigh of relief

Both doors are laying up square on the hinge side. No gaps anymore there but there is one on the joint line where the doors meet. Easier to deal with that gap then the tapered gaps I had yesterday.

glued and cooking

I used hide glue on this so I would have extra time getting the dovetails seated. The diagonals were both 42 11/16". 

 scrap board

Found this in the scrap pile and it is long and wide enough to get the muntins and glazing bars from. I didn't have to use a 6 footer from my Gurney Sawmill stash.

done

I have to thin the glazing bars, they are too high as is at 3/4". They need to be 5/16". I made one extra long and short muntin board along with 2 extra glazing bars for just in case.

still agree

I was leaving for my post lunch stroll but before I left I checked the diagonals. I wanted to make sure it hadn't shifted on me.

yikes

When I got back from the stroll I checked the diagonals again. They had moved 3/16". I used my pinch rods to set the diagonals because I couldn't get a tape reading on the diagonal with the clamp.

double, triple checked it

I checked it three times to make sure it hadn't moved. I checked it again before I killed the lights. Not sure if this is going to work but I intend to let it cook as is until tomorrow. If it is off I'll try to reverse the hide glue and re do it.

hmm.....

I was playing around with the muntins and I decided on this placement. I centered the long muntin and placed the short one 8" down from the top.

long one fitted

The muntin is fitted snug, no glue or any other fasteners. The glazing bar will be glued to the muntin bar which will hold it in place.

half lap
I am going to do the half lap first and then I'll fit the short muntin to fit snug. I'll start that adventure in the AM.

accidental woodworker

Electric Mandolin Part 3

A Luthiers Blog - Sun, 12/07/2025 - 7:58am

Here’s the latest video, with the e mando coming together nicely!

Cheers Gary


last new project to end 2025......pt III

Accidental Woodworker - Sun, 12/07/2025 - 3:50am

pin layout

I knife the tails onto the pin board. I haven't used a pencil for a couple of years now. It seems like every few years I pick up a new method doing dovetails. 

 the exciting part

Pins meshing with the tails off the saw. I had to trim one pin on the top board. It was snug but going together. However, it was also splitting the board.

 hmm.....

Not quite what I was expecting on the door fit. The height is about an 1/8" shy but the length is over about the same. I was expecting both measurements to be on the short side.

this is ugly looking

The carcass is dry fitted and the diagonals were less than a 16th off. This gap is tapered too with it wide at the bottom tapering away to nothing at the top.

fussy time

Spent some quality time see sawing back and forth trying to get the diagonals to agree dead nuts. I got the back that way but the front I could only manage to get them to less than a 16th

aren't square

One of the doors is less than a 16th and the other is off by an 8th. But from my way of thinking on it, this isn't enough to cause the gap I have between the carcass and the doors.

Big Red to the rescue

According to Big Red this door is square all the way around. This is the one that diagonals were off less than a 16th.

hmm......

Big Red said the top two corners are square but the bottom two aren't.

head and butt scratching 

I don't understand this headache. I thought that maybe the sides were bowed but they aren't. A straight edge laid on the outside and inside says they are flat and straight. Still have a tapered gap on both doors - the right one a wee bit more than the left one.

 planing the doors

I laid the doors in the opening and penciled a line that I planed down to. I bought this Lee Valley jack plane about 12 years ago to be my main #5 bench plane. But after a couple months I changed my mind. I use it now 99% of time to plane end grain. This plane is phenomenal at planing end grain and the iron edge retention is the best of any plane I own. 

 hmm......

The left door fits in the opening snugly. The tapered gap has shrunk a lot but it is still there.

right side door

The door is a looser fit then its left side sibling but the ugly, tapered gap is still there. I am at a loss to explain it. The door is square and the carcass inside corners are square - WTF?

door astragal

I plan on using an astragal to cover the the joint line where the doors meet. It will also serve another purpose. If I have to shim the doors, I can hide the shim under the astragal. This way I won't have to glue one on the hinge side of either door. I think the left door will be ok but I will probably have to add a shim to the right hand drawer.

needs a switch

Still haven't been able to locate a switch for this router. All I know about it that is it was made in England and no tool repair sites have a switch. All of them list it as without replacement. It wouldn't turn on when plugged in - I thought I had left it hardwired on but I hadn't. I need to rout a rabbet in the doors for the glass.

I've been thinking of buying another router and I'm leaning towards getting a plunge router. But I can't make up mind on cordless or corded. Maybe Santa is listening to me moan about it.

done

Rabbets routed and the corners squared up. I plan on using flush (to the front) muntins on these doors.

double checking, again

Big Red says this corner is kind of square. The bottom is square but it runs out with a gap of about a 16th at the top of the blade.

 confusing

This is the back of the carcass and the left side has a gap. 3 corners are square and this one is toast. On the front 3 corners are square with the 4th close but no cigar.

Big Red Says

Not one photon is leaking by at this corner.

more confusion

The diagonals at the front are dead nuts the same. Both say 45" outside corner to outside corner. Big Red says the inside corners are square. The left door lays up square and tight on its side but the right still has a tapered gap. I spent my post stroll trying to come up with a reason why it is OTL (out to lunch). Clueless as to why. This will probably change too once I glue the carcass up.

Spent a lot of dead time in the shop cycling through checking the same things over and over and no light bulb came on. It was starting to be frustrating so I killed the lights and left the shop early.

accidental woodworker

Up a side axe size.

Rivers Joinery - Sat, 12/06/2025 - 9:06am

I decided to move up a size on the side axe, for these wider panels today. I handled it ages ago, but forgot that I had smoothed the new handle, so I was able to go straight at it.


I was a bit concerned that I had put too much offset into the handle, but it worked beautifully and made short work of rough flattening the board.



Then onto the bench for scrub plane and then jointer.


A stubborn low point persisted; but that's what smoothing planes are for. Lovely big panel.



last new project to end 2025......pt II

Accidental Woodworker - Sat, 12/06/2025 - 3:28am

yikes

First day that the temp got below 32F - 0C. I thought it was a wee bit chilly when I went to grocery store this AM. The first day of winter is the 21st, 16 days from now. By 1600 the temp had only zoomed up to 28F - -2.2C. Hope it warms up again to above freezing soon.

hmm......

Figuring out the width of the bookcase. As is the board is 11 1/4" wide. There will be a 3/4" back and 3/4" for the doors that will eat up some of the width. That makes the width available at around 9+ inches. 

A standard hardcover book is 6" x 9" and it is called an 'octavo'. Most books (hard/soft cover) fall mostly between 5" x 8" to 8.5" x 11". Most of the books I have fall well within these dimensions. This will work for most books and I don't want to glue up stock to make it wider. 

reference edge

Worked on sizing the sides and top and bottom. First batter was getting one edge, flat, square, and straight. This is one of the few time I use my #8.

done

The width ended up at 11 3/16" which is wider than I expected it to be. Ends are squared off and the length is a 16th under what the width and height of the doors are.

dovetails are in the batter's box

I always lay out for dovetails the same way. The reference edge becomes the back with the reference face, facing out. I mark the inside with an X and label the corners.

 half pins sawn

Chopping the tail waste. I thought of sawing the waste with a coping saw but nixed it. I like chopping the waste and it is easy and quick in soft pine.

tails done

I still have to clean the baselines and tomorrow I'll do that before I layout for the pins.

 expensive

Spent about two hours searching the web for these handles. What I find incredibly stupid is that these are sold by the each. I looked at a bazillion sites selling them and not one offered them as a pair. What good is one chest handle? It is like selling a car with only two tires. A point that will drive me to buy these again is that they come with oval head brass screws! I got these from Hardwick & Sons.

 what I bought them for

Haven't given this to my sister yet. Realized moving it around a few times that it is awkward to pick up. Right now it is empty but with stuff in it, it will be even more awkward to pick up and move.

Funny thing happened the other day. My ability to answer comments as R Boumenot is working again. For a couple of years I could only respond to comments anonymously. Another quirk with blogger that has come 360 again.  

accidental woodworker

last new project to end 2025.........

Accidental Woodworker - Fri, 12/05/2025 - 3:37am

 Yesterday I walked my full route and although I finished it, I felt it. My legs hurt  a little bit this AM. It took me about 10 minutes longer than it had before I got sick. I had woke up at 0545 this AM but I rolled over and fell back to sleep until after 0700. Today I walked 3/4 of my normal route and I'll keep at that one for a week or so. I didn't think I would need to work back up to what I had been walking.

done

I got 3 coats of shellac on both of these. The left one I will mail to my sister. The one on the right will live in the boneyard. 

 last one for 2025

I'm not sure what to call this project. It is a bookcase that will have two glass doors. I have enough pine to make this but not for the back. I'll have to make a road trip to Woodcraft in Woburn to buy a couple sheets of 6mm plywood.

 stickered

I picked the flattest boards I had in the stash for the carcass. Top, bottom, and sides being allowed to get any stupid wood tricks out of their system for 24 hours.

I sized the boards so that they were a 16th under the size of the two doors. I would rather deal with the opening being under vice over sized. I haven't decided on a front/back measurement yet. The boards as is are 11 1/4" and my initial choice for the depth is 11". Most books aren't that wide. hmm........

accidental woodworker

new project (three drawwer) done.........

Accidental Woodworker - Thu, 12/04/2025 - 4:28am

 The oohs and aahs commenced at 0753. It seemed like it had taken me a bazillion years to finish this. Glad to finally put a check mark in the done column and see what is next in the queue.

 glamour pic #1

I used a dab of red Lock tite on all 3 drawer knobs. In hindsight this would have presented a little better if the two bottom drawers were half their current heights.

glamour pic #2

The dovetails are symmetrical but not evenly spaced. I have wanted to try something like this for a while and I like it.

glamour pic #3

All the exterior surfaces are cherry with the exception of the quarter round moldings on the single drawer enclosure.

last glamour pic

I had to plane the single drawer because it was sticking. I planed the right side top edge and hollowed the back. The drawers aren't a piston fit but when closing the bottom two drawers, air pushes open the non closing drawer.

new one

My sister got back to me and she said the compartment was too wide - she only had about 1/2" thickness worth of cards. She didn't like the height of it neither. I shortened it on the height and the length.

hmm.......

Miters first and then do the grooves. I don't have to worry about blowouts planing across the grooves.

shoulda, woulda, coulda, but didn't

Penciled in the miters and then measured from toe to toe. Got way past the needed 3". I marked and sawed it off at 3 1/4".

 dry fit

Decided to round the front edge. I think based on the scale of this that a rounded front edge will look better than it being squared off.

layout

This is easy to layout. Extend the center line of the bottom onto the cherry. Put the pencil on one side end point and place the compass point on the cherry board center line. Lay out the arc easy peasy.

 not quite half

 I hope this will do what my sister wants it to do. It is hard to tell with her sometimes because she doesn't explain things well. If it isn't I'll make another one and another ....... until I make what she wants.

yikes

It is 3 frog hairs over 3" wide. On the dry fit it was 3 1/8". I noticed that the miters were not even. That is because the thickness of the back piece isn't the same as the sides. Fingers crossed that the cards my sister has are a few frog hairs shy of 3".

accidental woodworker 

new project (three drawwer) pt XIX(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Wed, 12/03/2025 - 3:46am

Almost but it doesn't count for projects, only hand grenades and horseshoes. I might be able to get the final coats of shellac on after dinner. But if I don't the oohs and aahs will definitely commence tomorrow.

I had too

Picked it up several times and it held together. No evidence whatsoever of it groaning or disliking being picked up. I didn't shake it - just lifted it this way and by the sides. Satisfied my curiosity about the dowels being strong enough to support the whole carcass.

 my favorite router

I have 12(?) routers and this is the one I would save and take in case of a fire. Routing the depth on the cross dadoes for the front partition.

 the last to be done

This is it for the shellac. I got 6 coats on the drawer fronts and fingers were crossed, that I would get 6 on this before I killed the lights.

miters shot

The 1/8" plywood I am using for the bottom swelled a wee bit. I had to sand the edges with 80 grit before it fit in the groove for the bottom. The scrap pieces in the groove were to prevent blowout while shooting the miters.

sizing the bottom

I entertained the thought of making the front edge rounded instead of leaving it squared off. Since this is the prototype I went for square. Clamped this dry and got the length of the front partition.

left wiggle room

I extended the bottom past the front edge by a 1/4". Room for a small rounded front or I can plane it flush and square. Depends upon the mood I'm in when and if that happens.

dry fit

This was a tricky glue up. The PITA was keeping the back miters aligned as I attempted to clamp it. It took a lot of cajoling, threats, and well thought out expletives before it looked good. Stopped fussing with it and walked away to let it sit.

stop

I'll saw off a piece of this cherry to act as a stop for the cards. Donna wants to display one while the others are stowed.

 doable

Got four coats on before I killed the lights. It is looking like I'll have six on before I hit the rack tonight.

 hmmm.....

Eyeballing this one last time to make sure it hadn't shifted on me. I didn't touch it, just eyeballed it from all the angles especially the miters. I cut out three 2" x 3" pieces of cardboard to check out the fit. The 2" is fine but the 3" is toast.

 wee bit shy

I made the back 3 5/8" thinking that was enough for the miters to leave the width a bit more than 3". I was wrong and I'm under 3" and the cards don't fit. At least I'll able to proof the concept and check if this is something my sister was looking for.

came today

This book is the zenith of wooden plow plane porn. I read 25 pages right after lunch. I might be finished with this before lights out.

accidental woodworker 

new project (three drawwer) pt XVIII(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Tue, 12/02/2025 - 3:18am

 The current project is inches from the finish line. Shellac is going on and I should be done with that in the AM tomorrow. Started on a quickie project for my oldest sister. Her explanation of what she wanted was as clear as mud. So round one may stay a prototype.

done

The sanding is finally done. I had to do one more round of sawdust and super glue on the half blind tail gaps. Thankfully super glue sets almost instantly under sanding pressure so it didn't hold anything up.

 huh?

How did I forget to plug this?

 did this side but......

I'm glad that this done woodworking wise. However, based on the past hiccups I have had to deal with, I'm half expecting to have something else pop up and shake hands with me.

 hmm........

Part of the 1/8" dowel broke off in this hole. I tried getting a brad nail in it to extract but it wasn't working. Nail is dead centered but every time I pulled on it just the nail came away.

 #1 flat head screw

This worked and effortlessly pulled the dowel out. If this hadn't worked, drilling it out was next in the queue.

glued and cooking

Fingers crossed that this will be the bee's knee. I think it will be fine dealing with the bottom expansion and contraction but not so sure on picking it up by the single enclosure.

3 coats

The 3 drawers have 3 coats everywhere. At least 3 more coats to go on the fronts and the sides.

 the new project

This is a small project for holding cards, 2" x 3", with inspirational sayings, with a 'stand' to display one at the front. 

 cross dado

The back will be mitered and the dado is the front wall of the card storage compartment. The bottom will go from the back all the way to the front.

I'll be back

The plan is to return to the shop a couple of times before and after dinner. I got 3 coats on the carcass bottom, back, and sides. I want to get four on the bottom before flipping it and slapping 5-6 coats on the top and the single drawer enclosure.

accidental woodworker 

new project (three drawwer) pt XVII(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Mon, 12/01/2025 - 3:23am

Well boys and girls the big event finally happened. At 1117 today I went on my first post lunch stroll in about 3 weeks. The first part of the walk is up one hill, down  another one, and finally up one more hill before hitting flatness. All went well and better than I anticipated. I got winded on the first hill, out of breath when I got to the top. Within 30 feet I was walking without any shortness of breath. 

I got back to the barn an hour and 12 minutes after I left. I only walked 1/2 of the route I usually do. I wasn't breathing hard and my legs didn't ache. I also didn't feel the need to nod out at my desk. Tomorrow I'll try walking my usual but I'll do it slowly.

small chamfer

There were a few chips missing on the edges with the tails/pins. I planed a small chamfer on the front and sides to remove them. The chamfer also broke the sharp edge of the arris. That softened the squareness of it a lot.

hmm.......

This sucks because of where it is. I thought of doing a small chamfer on the inside front edges but nixed it. To my eye, having a chamfer on the inside and outside edges would look silly. Instead I'm going to leave this as is. I will ever so lightly sand it just enough to soften the sharp edges. 

wash, rinse, and repeat

I couldn't find any cherry that even remotely came close to matching this in color or grain. I'll treat this the same as the single drawer opening. There is another chip on the back that will get the same treatment.

hmm....

After sanding with 150 a couple of more gaps popped out and said hello. Filled them in with cherry sawdust and super glue. Decided to kill the lights here and head upstairs for the duration. Sanding is not something I like doing and any excuse to not doing it seemed like a fine idea.

The pneumonia/cold continues to improve. I have now spent 4 nights in a row where I slept straight through. No waking up due to coughing. The amount of snot I'm blowing into tissues is way down from a 100lbs per hour to about a pound. Don't want to jinx myself by saying I'm cured yet. The wife is also feeling and looking better, but she isn't out of the woods yet neither.

accidental woodworker  

Medieval stave bowls: a reconstruction

St. Thomas Guild - Sun, 11/30/2025 - 6:24am
Three stave bowls or daubenschhalen with 2 hoops on display in the Archeologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Würtemberg in Konstanz, Germany.

One of the common artefacts unearthed during archaeological digs are small wooden wedge-shaped discs with a few notches. If several are found together, along with a round wooden disc, it is clear that it is a stave bowl (Duigenschaaltje in Dutch and Daubenschäle in German). Stave bowls are a typical medieval product; the peak of their production was between the 11th and 15th centuries. They were mainly used as inexpensive drinking vessels (Ulbricht, 2006) with a rather short lifespan. Contemporary manuscript illuminations showed that they also were used as blood collection vessels during bloodletting, or as dog food bowls. They could be characterized as the disposable cup of the Middle Ages.

A pair of stave bowls with a single hoop from the Wolfenbüttler Sachsenspiegel. Cod. Guelf. 3.1 Aug. 2°, folio 78verso,  dated between 1345 and 1470. Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.

Stave bowls used for bloodletting and as dog food bowls from the 13th-century manuscript Cod. in scrin. 47 (Fabulae Aesopicae), folio 21r. State and University Library Hamburg, Germany. https://resolver.sub.uni-hamburg.de/kitodo/HANSh782

To illustrate the large quantities involved: of the more than 7,000 wooden objects excavated in Schleswig, approximately 90% were from stave bowls (Ulbricht, 2006). In Lübeck (Germany), a city suspected of being a production center for stave bowls due to the discovery of many loose base plates, thousands of bowls and bowl parts have been found (Neugebauer, 1975). In a monastery in Freiburg (Germany), 2,271 individual staves were found, which together formed between 250 and 300 small bowls (Müller, 1996), and in Konstanz (Germany), 990 staves were excavated in a single location. Large quantities (214 stave bowls) have also been recovered in Groningen, the Netherlands (van Deun and Vrede, 2015).

Archaeological find of stave bowls in Groningen (van Deun and Vrede, 2015).

Naturally, the quantity of wooden stave bowls recovered depends on the soil preservation conditions. In Schleswig-Holstein (Schleswig, Lübeck) these are good, but individual stave bowls have been recovered throughout Northern and Eastern Europe. From Novgorod (Russia; Brisbane and Hather, 2007) to Konstanz (Müller, 1996), and also in several locations in the Netherlands (Renaud, 1980; Dubbe, 2012).

Shape and variety of historical stave bowls

(A) Schematics of a stave from a stave bowl with two hoops. (B) The stave from the side perspective. The square around the stave shows how it would fit in the raw material. Image adapted from Ulbricht (2006). 

The large number of staves from Schleswig, Lübeck, Konstanz, and Freiburg allows us to compare the similarities and differences between the finds. For example, the vast majority are relatively low stave bowls, approximately 5-7 cm high. Many have a diameter of around 11 centimeters, resulting in a volume equivalent to about a pint glass (600 ml).
The number of grooves on the outside of a stave implies the same number of hoops for the bowl. The most common stave bowls have two hoops, but bowls with only one or three hoops are not uncommon. In fact, among the finds from Groningen and Amsterdam (the Netherlands), single-hoop bowls were found most in absolute numbers, whereas triple-hoop bowls were found in most locations. However, bowls with three hoops were generally rarer. An exceptional find is a bowl with six hoops found in Groningen. Generally speaking, the higher the bowl, the more hoops are used. The maximum size of a stave bowl found in Groningen was 15 cm (Van Deun and Vrede, 2015).


Some stave bowls with one hoop from the Museum Holstentor, Lübeck, Germany

Differences in bowl shapes can also be observed over the centuries. The finds in Schleswig indicate that the double-hoop shape was popular in the 13th century and that a gradual shift occurred to single-hoop bowls, a shape that was dominant in the 15th century (Ulbricht, 2006). Furthermore, there was a shift towards smaller and thinner staves in the later Middle Ages, and a shift towards a lower inner groove for the base plate.
Based on the staves found in Freiburg and Konstanz, the average length of a stave is 7.3 cm, with 90% of the staves having a length between 5 and 9 cm (Müller, 1986). From this value, an angle between 60 and 85 degrees can be calculated for the staves, with longer staves having a steeper angle. The angle of a stave affects how wide and high the bowl is: a larger angle creates a wider but lower bowl. An angle cannot be so large that the hoops can no longer grip it.

A stave bowl with 3 hoops from the Stadtisches Museum in Halberstadt, Germany.

The height of the inner and outer grooves of the two-hoop staves was further examined. The upper outer groove is on average 3.7 cm (Freiburg) and 4.4 cm (Konstanz). It is striking that the position of the upper groove remains relatively constant, regardless of the stave's length, namely approximately 4 cm from the top. For the lower outer ring, it is on average 1.6 cm for Freiburg and 1.8 cm for Konstanz. The height does depend on the stave's length. It is higher for longer staves, and lower for shorter ones. The minimum height is 1 cm and the maximum is approximately 4.5 cm. The groove for the base plate is on average 1.5 cm for Freiburg and 2.1 cm for Konstanz staves. In other words, it is just below the lower hoop for Freiburg, while it is just above it for Konstanz. Compared to a modern disposable cup, the base is relatively high, but this prevents splintering of the groove and makes it easier to insert the bottom hoop.
Looking at the thickness of a stave, we see that the longer the staves, the thicker they become. For staves 5.6-7.4 cm high, the average thickness is 3 mm, increasing to an average thickness of 8 mm for staves 19 cm high. For the smallest containers (<5.6 cm), the range in thickness is greatest: between 0.5 and 6 mm. It goes without saying that only staves of the same thickness can be used for a single stave container.

Some of the reconstructed stave bowl based on the actual finds in Schleswig, also showing the differences in angles and sizes of the bowls. Bowls 1-9 have a single hoop groove, bowls 10-20 have a double hoop groove and bowl 21 has three hoop grooves. Drawings without actual measurement. Image from Ulbricht (2006).

The base of a stave bowl

Just like the staves, the base of a stave bowl consists of radially split wood. The vast majority of bases are chamfered on one side, but a small percentage are chamfered on both sides or not chamfered at all (Müller, 1996). The base diameter ranges from 7 to 13 cm, with a size of 11-12 cm being most common in the 13th-14th centuries (Ulbricht, 2006). The rough shape of the base with cut marks suggests that the bowls could easily be assembled (or modified) (Müller, 1986). Information about the thickness of a stave bowl base is more difficult to find, but according to archaeological drawings, it appears to be between 4-6 mm (Ulbricht, 2006). Some recovered bases have incised markings on the outside. These are likely ownership markings.

The inside (A) and outside (B) of the same stave bowl from Schleswig. You can easily see the straight grain on the base as well as the staves. The base has chamfered edges. Image from Ulbricht (2006).

Wood types used

The vast majority of the bowls are made of softwood: the wood of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and, to a lesser extent, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Silver fir (Abies abies) was not used due to its poor processing properties (defects in the wood and because it affects the taste of the drink in the bowl). After the Medieval period, we occasionally see stave bowls made from other woods, such as yew and oak (Woodan database; search for 'duigen' or 'duigenbakje'). The hoops generally consist of split twigs of deciduous wood, such as willow (Salix) and buckthorn (Frangula alnus) (van Deun and Vrede, 2015). Since the wood species used for the staves are neither native to the Netherlands nor to the German-Baltic coast, they must have been imported from elsewhere. Buckthorn is native to Lübeck and Schleswig, and semi-finished products have also been found in these cities. It therefore seems logical that the stave bowls reached the Netherlands as trade goods via the Hanseatic Route. This is different for the Alpine region (Konstanz and Freiburg). Here, Norway spruce is widely available, and the bowls could be made on site by a cooper.

Natural range of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) indicated in green. This is also its medieval range. The yellow areas indicate where the Norway spruce was found in later centuries. (for the Netherlands, spruce was introduced in the 18th century). (Wikipedia map)

Making stave bowls

The craft of "stave bowl maker" is neither mentioned nor depicted anywhere. The strong similarities with the cooper's craft make it plausible that it was incorporated into this guild. In the books  of the Mendelschen Zwölfbruderstiftung  in Nuremberg, a cooper is depicted several times along with his tools. Most of these tools are also necessary for making stave bowls.

Two medieval coopers from 1478 and 1425 practicing their trade. No stave bowls are visible, but the tools used in their production are: (left) a shaving horse, axe, chopping block, splitting knife, hammer, a driver to push the hoops in place, and presumably a hoop dog on the ground (the shape resembling a bench hook at the feet of the cooper). (right) a workbench, a hammer and a driver. Mendelschen Zwolfbrüderstiftung, Nuremberg, Germany, Book I, Folio 97 recto and  Folio 25 recto.


The tools needed for making a stave bowl are, in no particular order: saw, croze saw, plane, axe, splitting knife or froe with a wooden mallet, shaving horse, drawknife/drawknife (flat and slightly curved), knife, chisel, driver, workbench, a clamp for shaping the staves, a marking gauge, and molds for making the stave bowl.

(1) A croze saw with 3 teeth found at the excavations in Schleswig. (2) The setting of the teeth. (3) Croze saw marks on a stave. Image from Ulbricht, 2006. 


Oak wedge-shaped drivers for pushing the hoops onto the stave bowl. The heads of the wedges have an angle of around 15 degrees, which make them suitable as hoop drivers. A hammer strike on the driver head will less likely hit the actual bowl. Archaeological find from Schleswig. Adapted from Ulbricht, 2006.


(Re)construction of a stave bowl

Stave bowls are a ubiquitous commodity during the Middle Ages, but they are rarely found with  medieval living history groups. This presented a challenge for us to recreate these bowls. In principle, the process should be simple, as they were inexpensive to produce. However, there are some snags in the reconstruction. Some practical adjustments to the theoretically described production process (Müller, 1896; Ulbricht, 2006) proved to be necessary. The following section describes our experiences assembling these stave bowls. It goes without saying that "practice makes perfect". 
The sequence of the various steps in creating a stave can be roughly determined from the archaeological scrap pieces and semi-finished products found. Here, we see that first the edge is made on a stave, then the grooves are scored, then the grooves are actually cut out, and finally, during assembly, the width is adjusted when necessary (Müller, 1986). The staves are knot-free and contain no sapwood. Traces of a drawknife have also been found on the staves (Ulbricht, 2006).

The production process of a stave bowl illustrated. (A) Quarter-splitting thin pre-staves with a froe. (B) Smoothing the pre-staves with a drawknife. (C) Marking the edges with a template. (D) Cutting the edge with hand-held shears. (E) Smoothing the edge and planing it to size. (F) Mark grooves with a cross-cutting knife. (G) Score grooves with a notching knife. (H) Cut outer grooves diagonally. (I) Bend wet staves in a clamp. (J) Curved cherrywood staves. (K) Split and adjust the thickness of the willow twig. (L) Bevel the base plate. (M) Fit the staves around the base plate. (N) Press the lower willow hoop into place. (O) Seal with buttermilk.

1. Sawing to Length

The most efficient way to make the staves for a stave bowl is to have the logs sawn to the required length before splitting. This ensures the stave length remains consistent, minimizes waste, and minimizes the number of sawing passes. Post-sawing a thin stave is also much more critical, with a risk of breakage, than pre-sawing a log. Short pieces of log are also easy to split. When we started mass-producing the staves, we used the table saw in our workshop to cut the woodblocks to similar length.

2. Splitting Quarters

We split our wood using a froe. Initially, we didn't stick to the favoured medieval wood of Norway spruce, but used what was available in our workshop. This included two-year-dried cherry and freshly sawn birch logs, and finally, dried pine (from the hardware store). Straight grain and quarter splitting are essential to minimize warping when making and using the bowl. Splitting the wood was easiest with dry pine; wet birch produced a more rough surface with splinters during splitting. The dry cherry was the worst to work with, as it did not have a straight grain, and only yielded thick and irregular formed pre-staves.

Splitting birch pre-staves with a froe. The initial pre-stave has a thickness of 4-5 mm.

Splinters while making a pre-stave from the birch log.

Using a dried (commercial) pine block quickly produces pre-staves. 
Several are visible on the ground between the shavings of the smoothing process (the next step).

3. Smoothing and Thickening

We used a drawknife on an English shaving horse to smooth and reduce the thickness of the pre-staves. An English shaving horse has the advantage of providing a full work surface that can be adjusted to a variable angle. A "German" shaving horse has a club-shaped clamp in the middle, which gets in the way of the work surface. During smoothing and thinning with the drawknife, we continuously alternated the top and bottom side, as well as the front and backside of the prestave to get an evenly thin surface.
Processing the dry cherry wood wasn't such a success, and it took a lot of effort to produce smooth slabs of 7-8 mm thick. A contributing factor was likely the cherry wood's uneven grain. The pine had a straight grain and cut easily with the drawknife. A stave thickness of 3 mm was easily achieved.

Smoothing and thinning the pre-staves. a rim was added to the working area to support the pre-stave. 
(note that we have removed the side bars of the English shaving horse)


With the wet birch wood, we also easily achieved 2 mm, although smoothing it out was more difficult due to the wetness of the wood. On the other hand, you cannot make a watertight bowl from wet staves. As soon as they dry, they shrink, resulting in cracks in the bowl. Our beautiful birch stave bowl fell apart after a week due to shrinkage, and the base proved to be "too large" for the shrunken staves. Our original idea to make a stave bowl from a "log" to a "drinking bowl" in a single day was not feasible. The process likely took several days or weeks: first, splitting and slicing the wood to thickness, then drying it, followed by shaping the staves and the base, and then assembling the bowl.

4. Cutting the corners of the staves


On the right the template for a stave for our stave bowl with an 11 cm base plate; on the left the pencil markings on the pre-stave.

The wedge-shaped stave is made from the flat rectangular pre-stave. We sawed the first staves by hand after tracing the corners with a template (a ready-made stave). Sawing is a relatively labor-intensive process, and unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. We were able to easily increase our production by replacing sawing with slicing – using hand-held metal shears. However, then the cutting direction (wide to narrow) must be taken into account to prevent breakage along the grain line. A similar, more medieval cutting method could be achieved using a clogmaker's knife. 
The template used for marking is tailored to one specific type of bowl, of which a standard number (in our case, 10) fit around the (standard, here 11 cm) base plate of that type of bowl.

Using metal shears to cut the staves. Cutting direction is from wide to small. This means that the stave needs to be swapped upside down for the second cut, and thus also needs to be marked with a pencil on both sides. The actual cutting line is 1-2 mm from the pencil line, as the shears do not produce a smooth cut.

A somewhat modernised clogmakers knife. This youtube video shows how these versatile tools can be used for 
other purposes than clogmaking and how this particular knife was made.


5. Smoothing the Stave Edges

The rough cut is easily smoothed with a block plane. Planing can either be by pulling the stave over the plane, or by pulling/pushing the a plane over the stave lying flat on the workbench. I found the latter producing a more stable straight (90 degrees) angle. In principle you can use any medium sized plane, but note that metal planes are heavier and thus more fatiguing in use than wooden ones. We used our Italian  and French small bourdichon medieval planes for smoothing the stave edges. Also here, planing direction is from the wide part of the stave towards the small side.

Pushing the French medieval block plane over the flat stave. We found is more stable to make a 90 degrees angle.

When planing, the angle of the (small side of the) stave can also be adjusted slightly, but this is not necessary for a tight fit (the staves will be bent later in the process - step 7). Smoothing produces clean, straight edges that fit perfectly together later when assembling the bowl, preventing unwanted leakage. When assembling the bowl, the side of the last stave is often adjusted slightly with the plane to ensure a perfect fit.

Pulling the stave over the medieval Italian plane. Using stave pulling you can more easily change the angle.

6. Making the Grooves

A stave bowl has one inner groove (or croze) for the base and one or more outer grooves to hold the hoops. Our bowls have two outer grooves (and therefore two hoops). First, the position of the grooves is marked on a stave with a gauge. Ideally, you use a marking gauge with a knife point, as this also will produce a deeper cutting line. It is essential that the positions remain the same distance across all the staves, especially for the base plate and the stability of the bowl's base.

Cutting the lines for the grooves with a marking gauge with a knife point.

If you use a gauge with pins (instead of a knife) to mark the lines, 
they need to be made deeper using a carving or marker knife.

The notches on the outside should prevent the connecting hoop from slipping. Therefore, a sharp (right-angled) edge is required on the narrower side and a beveled edge on the slightly wider side. The right-angled edge is created with a carving knife (or gauge), after which the beveled edge is chiseled out with a chisel.

The right-angled edge is on the narrower side; the beveled edge is made with a chisel on the slightly wider side.

Archaeological findings indicate that the croze (inner groove) for the base plate was sawn. A special type of saw exists for this purpose with various names, such as a croze saw, a gergel comb, or a gorgel knife with several thick saw teeth spaced at a fixed distance from a guide (Ulbricht, 2006; www.mot.be: ID 918 for the explanation of the names). We did not have such a saw at our disposal, so we tried it with a 2 mm thick saw blade on a saw board, which resulted in irregular depths of the cut. We then switched to scoring and cutting out the base groove with a narrow gouge. More work, but with a more consistent result.

An adjustable croze saw from 1925-1950. Its operation is similar to a cross-cut saw, only now with a short saw that can be adjusted for depth and distance. Photo: Fries Scheepvaartmuseum Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, Inv. No. FSM-1981-484.

Interestingly, Ulbricht (2006) states that sawing the croze inside a stave bowl only takes place after the staves have been hooped (and curved). This practice, however, is typical for making a much thicker barrel. The strength of a bottomless stave box is minimal; even light pressure from a croze saw can cause the staves to slide inward. This is possible for staves from much sturdier barrels, but the few mm thick staves of a stave box have no room to shift. In our opinion, the croze is applied earlier.

Exterior (left) and side view (right) of a stave for two hoops.

7. Bending the Staves

We had made a stave bowl with these straight and quarter-sawn staves, but when filling the bowl with water, the staves didn't behave perfectly. Some bent inward due to the tension, others outward. This is very detrimental to the watertightness of the bowl, especially at the bottom. And frankly, you don't want the first few liters of water to simply leak out before the seams close when you fill your bowl with wine or beer. If we wanted a dry stave bowl that was already somewhat watertight, the staves had to be slightly pre-formed, so it would be impossible to bend the other way later.


A stave bowl failure: The staves bend in all directions, leaving many visible gaps at the base.

In order to pre-form the staves, we made a clamp consisting of a slightly concave and convex plank. Then we re-wetted staves the staves and clamped them between, until the staves were dry again. The resulting slightly curved staves were better and easier to position around the base plate and did not deform. We now could easily drink a beer from our stave bowl.

The rewetted staves were clamped between the molded boards. 

Around 8 staves fitted together in the mold.

Some preformed cherry wood staves.

8. Making the Base 

The base is made from the same material as a stave: a quarter-split slab. For most stave bowls, the base surface area is significantly larger than that of a stave, and so is the required slab (our cherrywood bowl has a small base and narrow staves due to its relatively thin stem). The base circle was marked on the slab with a compass and cut out with a frame saw (or a bandsaw), filing it as needed. The edges of the base were chamfered with a plane to the thickness of the stave's base groove). 

The sawn base plate is chamfered using a plane.

9. Building the Bowl 

Building the bowl using a rough leather hide glued to a piece of wood as a base.

Building the stave bowl is the most difficult process. Initially, we noticed that the staves constantly shifted or slipped when fitting them around the base. We tried to remedy this by creating a rough base. Sand (not stable enough) and clay (too inflexible, wet, and makes a dirty bowl rim) proved unsuitable. A rough rubber mat or rough leather hide stretched across a flat surface worked best. A stable and correct base plate height was also essential. For this purpose, we created a height-adjustable "block tower" on a wooden peg for the base plate to rest on. A professional medieval stave maker likely had one standard block for each type of bowl ready in their workshop. With the base plate at the correct height, the staves are placed around it as tightly as possible. The last stave is then planed to fit. This is also reflected in archaeological finds, where one of the staves in a bowl has a slightly different size. 

Using clay as a base made it difficult to shift the staves a little. 
Also clay is wet, and dirtied the drinking rim of this cherry stave bowl.

10. Making and Placing the Hoops 

We attempted to assemble the stave bowls using willow bark, willow and buckthorn heartwood, and (wet) leather cord, with varying degrees of success. Willow bark (from a willow branch) was easy to shape into a hoop, but its strength was minimal and it quickly fell apart. Hemp rope expands faster than the staves when it gets slightly damp, which also results in a poorly functioning bowl. A leather cord works well on its own and makes a sturdy basket, but when the staves start expanding (due to the fluid inside), the tension becomes too great and the leather breaks. 

One of the failures: weak but flexible willow bark and wicker around a cherrywood stave bowl.   Willow bark will only function for a stave bowl if it holds dry contents like nuts.

Preparing a willow twig. The sapwood is peeled or shaved off and the twig is evenly thinned until it is flexible with a knife or wide-mouthed plane. 

Actually, only the heartwood of a willow branch worked well as a hoop. We kept fresh, thin willow twigs wet in a water barrel for a while until use. The fresh willow twig was peeled and debarked. Then, the twig was split in half with a carving knife and made supple and thin. Thinning can be done in several ways: with the same carving knife or with a wide-mouthed block plane. The block plane (in our case a Stanley No 61), in particular, quickly produced a usable and flexible twig. The hoop twigs dry out quickly and needed to be kept in water until use as a hoop. 


A stave bowl with a willow hoop (A) and one with a alder buckhorn hoop (B). 
You can see the knots on the alder buckthorn twig.

Alder buckthorn heartwood has a yellowish colour and also functions well as a hoop. However, it has some disadvantages compared to willow. First, it is smelly when wet. Secondly, it contains a lot of miniature knots (where the leaves were attached) which makes smoothing the twig less easy. On the positive side, contrary to the name, alder buckthorn has no thorns. Curiously, alder buckthorn is also known as breaking buckthorn, because of its brittle twigs. We did not experience any brittleness of the twigs. In fact, once the alder buckthorn twigs were smoothed, they bended easier than the willow twig.

Archaeological finds of stave bowl hoops from Schleswig. Images 5 and 6 show that the twig wraps around the other. 
Image from Ulbricht, 2006.

Archaeologically recovered willow hoops are 5-8 mm wide and show that one end of the twig wraps around the other. For a hoop for a stave bowl with a 10 cm base, a twig of approximately 55 cm is needed. The hoop is folded to the correct – tight – size beforehand, after which it is pushed around the bowl using a wooden driver by hand (we do not need a coppers hammer for the driver). The wide top hoop is placed first, followed by the smaller hoop at the bottom of the bowl. After drying, the protruding parts of the hoop twig are cut off. 

Placing the wide top hoop first.

Carefully pushing it down with the fingers.

Using a wooden driver for the last fit. It feels a bit like fitting a new tyre on the wheel of your bike. 

Placing the second, smaller hoop on the bottom of the stave bowl.

11. Waterproofing 

The final touch for achieving the desired waterproofing is a treatment with buttermilk. This is a simple and effective method for sealing small pores, common not only for wooden objects (Podcast Prehistorisch Dorp, 2023), but also used in earlier times to seal the pores of baked clay cups. Pine resin has sometimes been found in recovered stave bowls, possibly as an aid in waterproofing, but most bowls show no discernible finish. Finally, we have succeeded in making waterproof stave bowls, and as more are made, it becomes easier. However, a bowl with only one hoop remains a major challenge for us. 

Sealing the pores of the stave bowl with buttermilk.


A waterproof stave bowl. 

Bram drinking beer from his own made stave bowl.

Afterword


After two years, our first waterproof stave bowls are still in good shape and remain waterproof. They have survived storage and moving to and fro to the historical open air museum where reside as a living history  group. They seem more sustainable than the previously thought 'medieval disposable cup'.

The reconstructed pine stave bowl with wicker hoops: side, bottom and top view.


This blogpost is a translated and extended version of our article 'Middeleeuwse duigenschaaltjes – geschiedenis en (re)constructie' from the Gildebrief (2024). A pdf from this post can be found here.

Sources: 

  • AOC Archaeology group, 2021-2023. Bowled over. Blogpost. Available at: https://www.aocarchaeology.com/key-projects/conservation-perth-city-hall/bowled-over (this is a nice preservation project of a stave bowl from Scotland)
  • Brisbane, M. and Hather, J. (eds.), 2007. Wood use in medieval Novgorod. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK.
  • Dubbe, B., 2012. Huusraet. Het stedelijk woonhuis uit de Bourgondische tijd. Uitgeverij Poldervondsten, Hoorn, Nederland.
  • Müller, U., 1996. Holzfunde aus Freiburg, Augustinereremitenkloster und Konstanz. Herstellung und Funktion einer Materialgruppe aus dem späten Mittelalter. Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1991/92. Stuttgart: Theiss (Forschungen und Berichte der Archäologie des Mittelalters in Baden-Württemberg, 21).
  • Müller, U., 2008. Drechslern und Böttchern – Holz verarbeitende Handwerke. In: Archäologie und mittelalterliches Handwerk. Soester Beiträge zur Archäologie band 9. Westfälischer Verlagsbuchhandlung Mocker und Jahn, Soest, Germany, pp. 169-200.
  • Neugebauer, W., 1975. Arbeiten der Böttcher und Drechsler aus den mittelalterlichen Bodenfunden der Hansestadt Lübeck. In: Renaud, J.G.N. (eds.), Rotterdam Papers II. A contribution to medieval archaeology, pp. 117-137.
  • Podcast Prehistorisch dorp: houtwerken, 2023. Een discussie over houtbewerking in de middeleeuwen met wetenschappers, professionals en experimenteel archeologen.
  • Renaud, J.G.N., 1980. Klein gedraaid houten huisraad uit de Middeleeuwen. Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 31, Nederlandse kunstnijverheid en interieurkunst, pp. 24-35.
  • Ulbricht, I., 2006. Das geböttcherte Holz aus dem mittelalterlichen Schleswig. In: Holzfunde aus dem mittelalterliche Schleswig. Ausgrabungen in Schleswig. Berichte und Studien 17. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster, Germany, pp. 97-198.
  • Van der Gaag, M. and Van de Pas, B., 2024. Middeleeuwse duigenschaaltjes – geschiedenis en (re)constructie. Gildebrief 2024, pp. 28-35.
  • Van Deun, Y. en Vrede, F., 2015. Houten duigenbakjes uit de Late Middeleeuwen en Vroegmoderne Tijd. Paleo Aktueel 26, pp. 99-106.

new project (three drawwer) pt XVI(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Sun, 11/30/2025 - 3:17am


 I'm feeling so much better but that comes with a caveat. I am also bone weary, and I just want to lie down and do nothing. I felt good when I first woke this AM but I then nodded out at my desk after posting for over 3 hours. I think the pneumonia cough is gone and the cold, has improved, but lingers still. Not a 100% yet but I think I'm close, oh so close.

Still haven't gone on a post lunch stroll. I am going to try a walk around the block tomorrow to see how well I do. Not sure how that will go. Will I be short of breath or will the exertion of it be too much. I'll find out either way then.

 knob layout

Before I changed my mind on the knobs, I laid them out. Simply centered them on the drawer fronts.

 sneak peek

I like this look. The knobs are just large enough where they don't over power their drawer fronts. They should pop a wee bit more once the shellac is applied.

last step

The woodworking is done, I think and I'm ready for finish. Before the final sanding I filled any gaps in the tails/pins with cherry sawdust and super glue. 

 the plan

Went back and forth on how to attach the single drawer enclosure to the two drawer top. Initially I was going to use epoxy but I didn't have a warm and fuzzy with that. Instead I decided on using 1/8" dowels. I am using 3 dowels on 1/2 the length of each side. Clipped brad nails were used to transfer the dowel positions between the single and the two drawer enclosures.

fingers crossed

Ready to see how well I did. I used a drill guide to drill the holes in the enclosure and the top. The wooden pins are a frog hair thinner than the 1/8" holes I drilled. Not sure if I would need that amount of wiggle room.

 ta da

Nailed it, literally. The back is flush with  the back of the bottom but the centering is off. The right side is a 1/8" off center from the left side. I can't see it and I thought I had been extra careful when I laid it out. The important thing is the dowels all lined up dead on.

the tedious part

I have already sanded with 80 and 120 with sanding blocks. I'll finish with 150 and 220 before calling it done. I stopped after sanding this with 150. Hopefully I'll finish the sanding in the AM/PM tomorrow.

accidental woodworker

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