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new project (three drawwer) pt XIX(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Wed, 12/03/2025 - 3:46am

Almost but it doesn't count for projects, only hand grenades and horseshoes. I might be able to get the final coats of shellac on after dinner. But if I don't the oohs and aahs will definitely commence tomorrow.

I had too

Picked it up several times and it held together. No evidence whatsoever of it groaning or disliking being picked up. I didn't shake it - just lifted it this way and by the sides. Satisfied my curiosity about the dowels being strong enough to support the whole carcass.

 my favorite router

I have 12(?) routers and this is the one I would save and take in case of a fire. Routing the depth on the cross dadoes for the front partition.

 the last to be done

This is it for the shellac. I got 6 coats on the drawer fronts and fingers were crossed, that I would get 6 on this before I killed the lights.

miters shot

The 1/8" plywood I am using for the bottom swelled a wee bit. I had to sand the edges with 80 grit before it fit in the groove for the bottom. The scrap pieces in the groove were to prevent blowout while shooting the miters.

sizing the bottom

I entertained the thought of making the front edge rounded instead of leaving it squared off. Since this is the prototype I went for square. Clamped this dry and got the length of the front partition.

left wiggle room

I extended the bottom past the front edge by a 1/4". Room for a small rounded front or I can plane it flush and square. Depends upon the mood I'm in when and if that happens.

dry fit

This was a tricky glue up. The PITA was keeping the back miters aligned as I attempted to clamp it. It took a lot of cajoling, threats, and well thought out expletives before it looked good. Stopped fussing with it and walked away to let it sit.

stop

I'll saw off a piece of this cherry to act as a stop for the cards. Donna wants to display one while the others are stowed.

 doable

Got four coats on before I killed the lights. It is looking like I'll have six on before I hit the rack tonight.

 hmmm.....

Eyeballing this one last time to make sure it hadn't shifted on me. I didn't touch it, just eyeballed it from all the angles especially the miters. I cut out three 2" x 3" pieces of cardboard to check out the fit. The 2" is fine but the 3" is toast.

 wee bit shy

I made the back 3 5/8" thinking that was enough for the miters to leave the width a bit more than 3". I was wrong and I'm under 3" and the cards don't fit. At least I'll able to proof the concept and check if this is something my sister was looking for.

came today

This book is the zenith of wooden plow plane porn. I read 25 pages right after lunch. I might be finished with this before lights out.

accidental woodworker 

new project (three drawwer) pt XVIII(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Tue, 12/02/2025 - 3:18am

 The current project is inches from the finish line. Shellac is going on and I should be done with that in the AM tomorrow. Started on a quickie project for my oldest sister. Her explanation of what she wanted was as clear as mud. So round one may stay a prototype.

done

The sanding is finally done. I had to do one more round of sawdust and super glue on the half blind tail gaps. Thankfully super glue sets almost instantly under sanding pressure so it didn't hold anything up.

 huh?

How did I forget to plug this?

 did this side but......

I'm glad that this done woodworking wise. However, based on the past hiccups I have had to deal with, I'm half expecting to have something else pop up and shake hands with me.

 hmm........

Part of the 1/8" dowel broke off in this hole. I tried getting a brad nail in it to extract but it wasn't working. Nail is dead centered but every time I pulled on it just the nail came away.

 #1 flat head screw

This worked and effortlessly pulled the dowel out. If this hadn't worked, drilling it out was next in the queue.

glued and cooking

Fingers crossed that this will be the bee's knee. I think it will be fine dealing with the bottom expansion and contraction but not so sure on picking it up by the single enclosure.

3 coats

The 3 drawers have 3 coats everywhere. At least 3 more coats to go on the fronts and the sides.

 the new project

This is a small project for holding cards, 2" x 3", with inspirational sayings, with a 'stand' to display one at the front. 

 cross dado

The back will be mitered and the dado is the front wall of the card storage compartment. The bottom will go from the back all the way to the front.

I'll be back

The plan is to return to the shop a couple of times before and after dinner. I got 3 coats on the carcass bottom, back, and sides. I want to get four on the bottom before flipping it and slapping 5-6 coats on the top and the single drawer enclosure.

accidental woodworker 

My Latest Guitar - A Concert Size Stella Guitar

Wilson Burnham Guitars - Mon, 12/01/2025 - 4:56pm

He played a Stella, and I had a Stella. Charley had a Stella.

Son House, bluesman, 1966 interview, mentioning Willie Brown and Charley Patton

Stellas-they all played the cheap old Stellas, across the board.

H.C. Speir, owner of Speir Phonograph Company. He recorded many of the great blues singers and musicians during the 1920’s-1930’s.

My first guitar was Harmony made Stella guitar. My mother played guitar, my father played the harmonica and at the age of four, I wanted to play the guitar in a bad way. My mother bought the guitar from one of her nephews, he wanted a better guitar and was willing to part with it for $5. It was painted black with white paint binding and a white pick guard, I thought I was in heaven as I banged away on that guitar until my mother showed me how to play some chords, the G, C, D7 chords and then that really tough chord, the A7. Those steel strings were hard on my fingertips, and I kept at it. The one day, an older cousin who stopped by to visit my parents, seeing that I had a guitar he asked to borrow it and proceeded to played a flamenco “bulería” on it! I was amazed and immediately demanded that I needed a classical guitar so I could learn flamenco. If you have read my other posts, you will know that I went on to study the classical guitar.

I gave that old Harmony Stella to a friend who said she really wanted to learn how to play the guitar. She did become rather proficient on it and because she played it so much it was amazing to hear a great sound come out of that guitar. Unfortunately, the arthritis in her hands became so bad she quit playing, and the guitar was put into storage. Several months ago, I asked if she and her husband could ship or bring the guitar to me so I could make a copy of it, they are still trying to dig it out of storage. I figured that since I am a guitar maker, I can make a guitar based on that old Stella. 


All the parts for this guitar are made, they are waiting for me to assemble them simply, on an open work board with the intent to create beauty. 


The top is Sitka spruce, the back and sides are black cherry from Missouri and the neck is Port Orford cedar. 


My old Harmony guitar top, back and sides are solid birch, the neck is maple and so is the fretboard. 

Just like the original guitar, this guitar will have ladder bracing!


Unlike my old guitar, this guitar will have a slotted head stock, I have made too many classical guitars to make a neck any other way! Cutting out the headstock slots with a vintage coping saw. 


A very simple rosette adorns this guitar top!

Now, go listen to some Son House, Charley Patton and Skip James!


 

Categories: Hand Tools, Luthiery

new project (three drawwer) pt XVII(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Mon, 12/01/2025 - 3:23am

Well boys and girls the big event finally happened. At 1117 today I went on my first post lunch stroll in about 3 weeks. The first part of the walk is up one hill, down  another one, and finally up one more hill before hitting flatness. All went well and better than I anticipated. I got winded on the first hill, out of breath when I got to the top. Within 30 feet I was walking without any shortness of breath. 

I got back to the barn an hour and 12 minutes after I left. I only walked 1/2 of the route I usually do. I wasn't breathing hard and my legs didn't ache. I also didn't feel the need to nod out at my desk. Tomorrow I'll try walking my usual but I'll do it slowly.

small chamfer

There were a few chips missing on the edges with the tails/pins. I planed a small chamfer on the front and sides to remove them. The chamfer also broke the sharp edge of the arris. That softened the squareness of it a lot.

hmm.......

This sucks because of where it is. I thought of doing a small chamfer on the inside front edges but nixed it. To my eye, having a chamfer on the inside and outside edges would look silly. Instead I'm going to leave this as is. I will ever so lightly sand it just enough to soften the sharp edges. 

wash, rinse, and repeat

I couldn't find any cherry that even remotely came close to matching this in color or grain. I'll treat this the same as the single drawer opening. There is another chip on the back that will get the same treatment.

hmm....

After sanding with 150 a couple of more gaps popped out and said hello. Filled them in with cherry sawdust and super glue. Decided to kill the lights here and head upstairs for the duration. Sanding is not something I like doing and any excuse to not doing it seemed like a fine idea.

The pneumonia/cold continues to improve. I have now spent 4 nights in a row where I slept straight through. No waking up due to coughing. The amount of snot I'm blowing into tissues is way down from a 100lbs per hour to about a pound. Don't want to jinx myself by saying I'm cured yet. The wife is also feeling and looking better, but she isn't out of the woods yet neither.

accidental woodworker  

Medieval stave bowls: a reconstruction

St. Thomas Guild - Sun, 11/30/2025 - 6:24am
Three stave bowls or daubenschhalen with 2 hoops on display in the Archeologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Würtemberg in Konstanz, Germany.

One of the common artefacts unearthed during archaeological digs are small wooden wedge-shaped discs with a few notches. If several are found together, along with a round wooden disc, it is clear that it is a stave bowl (Duigenschaaltje in Dutch and Daubenschäle in German). Stave bowls are a typical medieval product; the peak of their production was between the 11th and 15th centuries. They were mainly used as inexpensive drinking vessels (Ulbricht, 2006) with a rather short lifespan. Contemporary manuscript illuminations showed that they also were used as blood collection vessels during bloodletting, or as dog food bowls. They could be characterized as the disposable cup of the Middle Ages.

A pair of stave bowls with a single hoop from the Wolfenbüttler Sachsenspiegel. Cod. Guelf. 3.1 Aug. 2°, folio 78verso,  dated between 1345 and 1470. Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.

Stave bowls used for bloodletting and as dog food bowls from the 13th-century manuscript Cod. in scrin. 47 (Fabulae Aesopicae), folio 21r. State and University Library Hamburg, Germany. https://resolver.sub.uni-hamburg.de/kitodo/HANSh782

To illustrate the large quantities involved: of the more than 7,000 wooden objects excavated in Schleswig, approximately 90% were from stave bowls (Ulbricht, 2006). In Lübeck (Germany), a city suspected of being a production center for stave bowls due to the discovery of many loose base plates, thousands of bowls and bowl parts have been found (Neugebauer, 1975). In a monastery in Freiburg (Germany), 2,271 individual staves were found, which together formed between 250 and 300 small bowls (Müller, 1996), and in Konstanz (Germany), 990 staves were excavated in a single location. Large quantities (214 stave bowls) have also been recovered in Groningen, the Netherlands (van Deun and Vrede, 2015).

Archaeological find of stave bowls in Groningen (van Deun and Vrede, 2015).

Naturally, the quantity of wooden stave bowls recovered depends on the soil preservation conditions. In Schleswig-Holstein (Schleswig, Lübeck) these are good, but individual stave bowls have been recovered throughout Northern and Eastern Europe. From Novgorod (Russia; Brisbane and Hather, 2007) to Konstanz (Müller, 1996), and also in several locations in the Netherlands (Renaud, 1980; Dubbe, 2012).

Shape and variety of historical stave bowls

(A) Schematics of a stave from a stave bowl with two hoops. (B) The stave from the side perspective. The square around the stave shows how it would fit in the raw material. Image adapted from Ulbricht (2006). 

The large number of staves from Schleswig, Lübeck, Konstanz, and Freiburg allows us to compare the similarities and differences between the finds. For example, the vast majority are relatively low stave bowls, approximately 5-7 cm high. Many have a diameter of around 11 centimeters, resulting in a volume equivalent to about a pint glass (600 ml).
The number of grooves on the outside of a stave implies the same number of hoops for the bowl. The most common stave bowls have two hoops, but bowls with only one or three hoops are not uncommon. In fact, among the finds from Groningen and Amsterdam (the Netherlands), single-hoop bowls were found most in absolute numbers, whereas triple-hoop bowls were found in most locations. However, bowls with three hoops were generally rarer. An exceptional find is a bowl with six hoops found in Groningen. Generally speaking, the higher the bowl, the more hoops are used. The maximum size of a stave bowl found in Groningen was 15 cm (Van Deun and Vrede, 2015).


Some stave bowls with one hoop from the Museum Holstentor, Lübeck, Germany

Differences in bowl shapes can also be observed over the centuries. The finds in Schleswig indicate that the double-hoop shape was popular in the 13th century and that a gradual shift occurred to single-hoop bowls, a shape that was dominant in the 15th century (Ulbricht, 2006). Furthermore, there was a shift towards smaller and thinner staves in the later Middle Ages, and a shift towards a lower inner groove for the base plate.
Based on the staves found in Freiburg and Konstanz, the average length of a stave is 7.3 cm, with 90% of the staves having a length between 5 and 9 cm (Müller, 1986). From this value, an angle between 60 and 85 degrees can be calculated for the staves, with longer staves having a steeper angle. The angle of a stave affects how wide and high the bowl is: a larger angle creates a wider but lower bowl. An angle cannot be so large that the hoops can no longer grip it.

A stave bowl with 3 hoops from the Stadtisches Museum in Halberstadt, Germany.

The height of the inner and outer grooves of the two-hoop staves was further examined. The upper outer groove is on average 3.7 cm (Freiburg) and 4.4 cm (Konstanz). It is striking that the position of the upper groove remains relatively constant, regardless of the stave's length, namely approximately 4 cm from the top. For the lower outer ring, it is on average 1.6 cm for Freiburg and 1.8 cm for Konstanz. The height does depend on the stave's length. It is higher for longer staves, and lower for shorter ones. The minimum height is 1 cm and the maximum is approximately 4.5 cm. The groove for the base plate is on average 1.5 cm for Freiburg and 2.1 cm for Konstanz staves. In other words, it is just below the lower hoop for Freiburg, while it is just above it for Konstanz. Compared to a modern disposable cup, the base is relatively high, but this prevents splintering of the groove and makes it easier to insert the bottom hoop.
Looking at the thickness of a stave, we see that the longer the staves, the thicker they become. For staves 5.6-7.4 cm high, the average thickness is 3 mm, increasing to an average thickness of 8 mm for staves 19 cm high. For the smallest containers (<5.6 cm), the range in thickness is greatest: between 0.5 and 6 mm. It goes without saying that only staves of the same thickness can be used for a single stave container.

Some of the reconstructed stave bowl based on the actual finds in Schleswig, also showing the differences in angles and sizes of the bowls. Bowls 1-9 have a single hoop groove, bowls 10-20 have a double hoop groove and bowl 21 has three hoop grooves. Drawings without actual measurement. Image from Ulbricht (2006).

The base of a stave bowl

Just like the staves, the base of a stave bowl consists of radially split wood. The vast majority of bases are chamfered on one side, but a small percentage are chamfered on both sides or not chamfered at all (Müller, 1996). The base diameter ranges from 7 to 13 cm, with a size of 11-12 cm being most common in the 13th-14th centuries (Ulbricht, 2006). The rough shape of the base with cut marks suggests that the bowls could easily be assembled (or modified) (Müller, 1986). Information about the thickness of a stave bowl base is more difficult to find, but according to archaeological drawings, it appears to be between 4-6 mm (Ulbricht, 2006). Some recovered bases have incised markings on the outside. These are likely ownership markings.

The inside (A) and outside (B) of the same stave bowl from Schleswig. You can easily see the straight grain on the base as well as the staves. The base has chamfered edges. Image from Ulbricht (2006).

Wood types used

The vast majority of the bowls are made of softwood: the wood of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and, to a lesser extent, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Silver fir (Abies abies) was not used due to its poor processing properties (defects in the wood and because it affects the taste of the drink in the bowl). After the Medieval period, we occasionally see stave bowls made from other woods, such as yew and oak (Woodan database; search for 'duigen' or 'duigenbakje'). The hoops generally consist of split twigs of deciduous wood, such as willow (Salix) and buckthorn (Frangula alnus) (van Deun and Vrede, 2015). Since the wood species used for the staves are neither native to the Netherlands nor to the German-Baltic coast, they must have been imported from elsewhere. Buckthorn is native to Lübeck and Schleswig, and semi-finished products have also been found in these cities. It therefore seems logical that the stave bowls reached the Netherlands as trade goods via the Hanseatic Route. This is different for the Alpine region (Konstanz and Freiburg). Here, Norway spruce is widely available, and the bowls could be made on site by a cooper.

Natural range of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) indicated in green. This is also its medieval range. The yellow areas indicate where the Norway spruce was found in later centuries. (for the Netherlands, spruce was introduced in the 18th century). (Wikipedia map)

Making stave bowls

The craft of "stave bowl maker" is neither mentioned nor depicted anywhere. The strong similarities with the cooper's craft make it plausible that it was incorporated into this guild. In the books  of the Mendelschen Zwölfbruderstiftung  in Nuremberg, a cooper is depicted several times along with his tools. Most of these tools are also necessary for making stave bowls.

Two medieval coopers from 1478 and 1425 practicing their trade. No stave bowls are visible, but the tools used in their production are: (left) a shaving horse, axe, chopping block, splitting knife, hammer, a driver to push the hoops in place, and presumably a hoop dog on the ground (the shape resembling a bench hook at the feet of the cooper). (right) a workbench, a hammer and a driver. Mendelschen Zwolfbrüderstiftung, Nuremberg, Germany, Book I, Folio 97 recto and  Folio 25 recto.


The tools needed for making a stave bowl are, in no particular order: saw, croze saw, plane, axe, splitting knife or froe with a wooden mallet, shaving horse, drawknife/drawknife (flat and slightly curved), knife, chisel, driver, workbench, a clamp for shaping the staves, a marking gauge, and molds for making the stave bowl.

(1) A croze saw with 3 teeth found at the excavations in Schleswig. (2) The setting of the teeth. (3) Croze saw marks on a stave. Image from Ulbricht, 2006. 


Oak wedge-shaped drivers for pushing the hoops onto the stave bowl. The heads of the wedges have an angle of around 15 degrees, which make them suitable as hoop drivers. A hammer strike on the driver head will less likely hit the actual bowl. Archaeological find from Schleswig. Adapted from Ulbricht, 2006.


(Re)construction of a stave bowl

Stave bowls are a ubiquitous commodity during the Middle Ages, but they are rarely found with  medieval living history groups. This presented a challenge for us to recreate these bowls. In principle, the process should be simple, as they were inexpensive to produce. However, there are some snags in the reconstruction. Some practical adjustments to the theoretically described production process (Müller, 1896; Ulbricht, 2006) proved to be necessary. The following section describes our experiences assembling these stave bowls. It goes without saying that "practice makes perfect". 
The sequence of the various steps in creating a stave can be roughly determined from the archaeological scrap pieces and semi-finished products found. Here, we see that first the edge is made on a stave, then the grooves are scored, then the grooves are actually cut out, and finally, during assembly, the width is adjusted when necessary (Müller, 1986). The staves are knot-free and contain no sapwood. Traces of a drawknife have also been found on the staves (Ulbricht, 2006).

The production process of a stave bowl illustrated. (A) Quarter-splitting thin pre-staves with a froe. (B) Smoothing the pre-staves with a drawknife. (C) Marking the edges with a template. (D) Cutting the edge with hand-held shears. (E) Smoothing the edge and planing it to size. (F) Mark grooves with a cross-cutting knife. (G) Score grooves with a notching knife. (H) Cut outer grooves diagonally. (I) Bend wet staves in a clamp. (J) Curved cherrywood staves. (K) Split and adjust the thickness of the willow twig. (L) Bevel the base plate. (M) Fit the staves around the base plate. (N) Press the lower willow hoop into place. (O) Seal with buttermilk.

1. Sawing to Length

The most efficient way to make the staves for a stave bowl is to have the logs sawn to the required length before splitting. This ensures the stave length remains consistent, minimizes waste, and minimizes the number of sawing passes. Post-sawing a thin stave is also much more critical, with a risk of breakage, than pre-sawing a log. Short pieces of log are also easy to split. When we started mass-producing the staves, we used the table saw in our workshop to cut the woodblocks to similar length.

2. Splitting Quarters

We split our wood using a froe. Initially, we didn't stick to the favoured medieval wood of Norway spruce, but used what was available in our workshop. This included two-year-dried cherry and freshly sawn birch logs, and finally, dried pine (from the hardware store). Straight grain and quarter splitting are essential to minimize warping when making and using the bowl. Splitting the wood was easiest with dry pine; wet birch produced a more rough surface with splinters during splitting. The dry cherry was the worst to work with, as it did not have a straight grain, and only yielded thick and irregular formed pre-staves.

Splitting birch pre-staves with a froe. The initial pre-stave has a thickness of 4-5 mm.

Splinters while making a pre-stave from the birch log.

Using a dried (commercial) pine block quickly produces pre-staves. 
Several are visible on the ground between the shavings of the smoothing process (the next step).

3. Smoothing and Thickening

We used a drawknife on an English shaving horse to smooth and reduce the thickness of the pre-staves. An English shaving horse has the advantage of providing a full work surface that can be adjusted to a variable angle. A "German" shaving horse has a club-shaped clamp in the middle, which gets in the way of the work surface. During smoothing and thinning with the drawknife, we continuously alternated the top and bottom side, as well as the front and backside of the prestave to get an evenly thin surface.
Processing the dry cherry wood wasn't such a success, and it took a lot of effort to produce smooth slabs of 7-8 mm thick. A contributing factor was likely the cherry wood's uneven grain. The pine had a straight grain and cut easily with the drawknife. A stave thickness of 3 mm was easily achieved.

Smoothing and thinning the pre-staves. a rim was added to the working area to support the pre-stave. 
(note that we have removed the side bars of the English shaving horse)


With the wet birch wood, we also easily achieved 2 mm, although smoothing it out was more difficult due to the wetness of the wood. On the other hand, you cannot make a watertight bowl from wet staves. As soon as they dry, they shrink, resulting in cracks in the bowl. Our beautiful birch stave bowl fell apart after a week due to shrinkage, and the base proved to be "too large" for the shrunken staves. Our original idea to make a stave bowl from a "log" to a "drinking bowl" in a single day was not feasible. The process likely took several days or weeks: first, splitting and slicing the wood to thickness, then drying it, followed by shaping the staves and the base, and then assembling the bowl.

4. Cutting the corners of the staves


On the right the template for a stave for our stave bowl with an 11 cm base plate; on the left the pencil markings on the pre-stave.

The wedge-shaped stave is made from the flat rectangular pre-stave. We sawed the first staves by hand after tracing the corners with a template (a ready-made stave). Sawing is a relatively labor-intensive process, and unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. We were able to easily increase our production by replacing sawing with slicing – using hand-held metal shears. However, then the cutting direction (wide to narrow) must be taken into account to prevent breakage along the grain line. A similar, more medieval cutting method could be achieved using a clogmaker's knife. 
The template used for marking is tailored to one specific type of bowl, of which a standard number (in our case, 10) fit around the (standard, here 11 cm) base plate of that type of bowl.

Using metal shears to cut the staves. Cutting direction is from wide to small. This means that the stave needs to be swapped upside down for the second cut, and thus also needs to be marked with a pencil on both sides. The actual cutting line is 1-2 mm from the pencil line, as the shears do not produce a smooth cut.

A somewhat modernised clogmakers knife. This youtube video shows how these versatile tools can be used for 
other purposes than clogmaking and how this particular knife was made.


5. Smoothing the Stave Edges

The rough cut is easily smoothed with a block plane. Planing can either be by pulling the stave over the plane, or by pulling/pushing the a plane over the stave lying flat on the workbench. I found the latter producing a more stable straight (90 degrees) angle. In principle you can use any medium sized plane, but note that metal planes are heavier and thus more fatiguing in use than wooden ones. We used our Italian  and French small bourdichon medieval planes for smoothing the stave edges. Also here, planing direction is from the wide part of the stave towards the small side.

Pushing the French medieval block plane over the flat stave. We found is more stable to make a 90 degrees angle.

When planing, the angle of the (small side of the) stave can also be adjusted slightly, but this is not necessary for a tight fit (the staves will be bent later in the process - step 7). Smoothing produces clean, straight edges that fit perfectly together later when assembling the bowl, preventing unwanted leakage. When assembling the bowl, the side of the last stave is often adjusted slightly with the plane to ensure a perfect fit.

Pulling the stave over the medieval Italian plane. Using stave pulling you can more easily change the angle.

6. Making the Grooves

A stave bowl has one inner groove (or croze) for the base and one or more outer grooves to hold the hoops. Our bowls have two outer grooves (and therefore two hoops). First, the position of the grooves is marked on a stave with a gauge. Ideally, you use a marking gauge with a knife point, as this also will produce a deeper cutting line. It is essential that the positions remain the same distance across all the staves, especially for the base plate and the stability of the bowl's base.

Cutting the lines for the grooves with a marking gauge with a knife point.

If you use a gauge with pins (instead of a knife) to mark the lines, 
they need to be made deeper using a carving or marker knife.

The notches on the outside should prevent the connecting hoop from slipping. Therefore, a sharp (right-angled) edge is required on the narrower side and a beveled edge on the slightly wider side. The right-angled edge is created with a carving knife (or gauge), after which the beveled edge is chiseled out with a chisel.

The right-angled edge is on the narrower side; the beveled edge is made with a chisel on the slightly wider side.

Archaeological findings indicate that the croze (inner groove) for the base plate was sawn. A special type of saw exists for this purpose with various names, such as a croze saw, a gergel comb, or a gorgel knife with several thick saw teeth spaced at a fixed distance from a guide (Ulbricht, 2006; www.mot.be: ID 918 for the explanation of the names). We did not have such a saw at our disposal, so we tried it with a 2 mm thick saw blade on a saw board, which resulted in irregular depths of the cut. We then switched to scoring and cutting out the base groove with a narrow gouge. More work, but with a more consistent result.

An adjustable croze saw from 1925-1950. Its operation is similar to a cross-cut saw, only now with a short saw that can be adjusted for depth and distance. Photo: Fries Scheepvaartmuseum Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, Inv. No. FSM-1981-484.

Interestingly, Ulbricht (2006) states that sawing the croze inside a stave bowl only takes place after the staves have been hooped (and curved). This practice, however, is typical for making a much thicker barrel. The strength of a bottomless stave box is minimal; even light pressure from a croze saw can cause the staves to slide inward. This is possible for staves from much sturdier barrels, but the few mm thick staves of a stave box have no room to shift. In our opinion, the croze is applied earlier.

Exterior (left) and side view (right) of a stave for two hoops.

7. Bending the Staves

We had made a stave bowl with these straight and quarter-sawn staves, but when filling the bowl with water, the staves didn't behave perfectly. Some bent inward due to the tension, others outward. This is very detrimental to the watertightness of the bowl, especially at the bottom. And frankly, you don't want the first few liters of water to simply leak out before the seams close when you fill your bowl with wine or beer. If we wanted a dry stave bowl that was already somewhat watertight, the staves had to be slightly pre-formed, so it would be impossible to bend the other way later.


A stave bowl failure: The staves bend in all directions, leaving many visible gaps at the base.

In order to pre-form the staves, we made a clamp consisting of a slightly concave and convex plank. Then we re-wetted staves the staves and clamped them between, until the staves were dry again. The resulting slightly curved staves were better and easier to position around the base plate and did not deform. We now could easily drink a beer from our stave bowl.

The rewetted staves were clamped between the molded boards. 

Around 8 staves fitted together in the mold.

Some preformed cherry wood staves.

8. Making the Base 

The base is made from the same material as a stave: a quarter-split slab. For most stave bowls, the base surface area is significantly larger than that of a stave, and so is the required slab (our cherrywood bowl has a small base and narrow staves due to its relatively thin stem). The base circle was marked on the slab with a compass and cut out with a frame saw (or a bandsaw), filing it as needed. The edges of the base were chamfered with a plane to the thickness of the stave's base groove). 

The sawn base plate is chamfered using a plane.

9. Building the Bowl 

Building the bowl using a rough leather hide glued to a piece of wood as a base.

Building the stave bowl is the most difficult process. Initially, we noticed that the staves constantly shifted or slipped when fitting them around the base. We tried to remedy this by creating a rough base. Sand (not stable enough) and clay (too inflexible, wet, and makes a dirty bowl rim) proved unsuitable. A rough rubber mat or rough leather hide stretched across a flat surface worked best. A stable and correct base plate height was also essential. For this purpose, we created a height-adjustable "block tower" on a wooden peg for the base plate to rest on. A professional medieval stave maker likely had one standard block for each type of bowl ready in their workshop. With the base plate at the correct height, the staves are placed around it as tightly as possible. The last stave is then planed to fit. This is also reflected in archaeological finds, where one of the staves in a bowl has a slightly different size. 

Using clay as a base made it difficult to shift the staves a little. 
Also clay is wet, and dirtied the drinking rim of this cherry stave bowl.

10. Making and Placing the Hoops 

We attempted to assemble the stave bowls using willow bark, willow and buckthorn heartwood, and (wet) leather cord, with varying degrees of success. Willow bark (from a willow branch) was easy to shape into a hoop, but its strength was minimal and it quickly fell apart. Hemp rope expands faster than the staves when it gets slightly damp, which also results in a poorly functioning bowl. A leather cord works well on its own and makes a sturdy basket, but when the staves start expanding (due to the fluid inside), the tension becomes too great and the leather breaks. 

One of the failures: weak but flexible willow bark and wicker around a cherrywood stave bowl.   Willow bark will only function for a stave bowl if it holds dry contents like nuts.

Preparing a willow twig. The sapwood is peeled or shaved off and the twig is evenly thinned until it is flexible with a knife or wide-mouthed plane. 

Actually, only the heartwood of a willow branch worked well as a hoop. We kept fresh, thin willow twigs wet in a water barrel for a while until use. The fresh willow twig was peeled and debarked. Then, the twig was split in half with a carving knife and made supple and thin. Thinning can be done in several ways: with the same carving knife or with a wide-mouthed block plane. The block plane (in our case a Stanley No 61), in particular, quickly produced a usable and flexible twig. The hoop twigs dry out quickly and needed to be kept in water until use as a hoop. 


A stave bowl with a willow hoop (A) and one with a alder buckhorn hoop (B). 
You can see the knots on the alder buckthorn twig.

Alder buckthorn heartwood has a yellowish colour and also functions well as a hoop. However, it has some disadvantages compared to willow. First, it is smelly when wet. Secondly, it contains a lot of miniature knots (where the leaves were attached) which makes smoothing the twig less easy. On the positive side, contrary to the name, alder buckthorn has no thorns. Curiously, alder buckthorn is also known as breaking buckthorn, because of its brittle twigs. We did not experience any brittleness of the twigs. In fact, once the alder buckthorn twigs were smoothed, they bended easier than the willow twig.

Archaeological finds of stave bowl hoops from Schleswig. Images 5 and 6 show that the twig wraps around the other. 
Image from Ulbricht, 2006.

Archaeologically recovered willow hoops are 5-8 mm wide and show that one end of the twig wraps around the other. For a hoop for a stave bowl with a 10 cm base, a twig of approximately 55 cm is needed. The hoop is folded to the correct – tight – size beforehand, after which it is pushed around the bowl using a wooden driver by hand (we do not need a coppers hammer for the driver). The wide top hoop is placed first, followed by the smaller hoop at the bottom of the bowl. After drying, the protruding parts of the hoop twig are cut off. 

Placing the wide top hoop first.

Carefully pushing it down with the fingers.

Using a wooden driver for the last fit. It feels a bit like fitting a new tyre on the wheel of your bike. 

Placing the second, smaller hoop on the bottom of the stave bowl.

11. Waterproofing 

The final touch for achieving the desired waterproofing is a treatment with buttermilk. This is a simple and effective method for sealing small pores, common not only for wooden objects (Podcast Prehistorisch Dorp, 2023), but also used in earlier times to seal the pores of baked clay cups. Pine resin has sometimes been found in recovered stave bowls, possibly as an aid in waterproofing, but most bowls show no discernible finish. Finally, we have succeeded in making waterproof stave bowls, and as more are made, it becomes easier. However, a bowl with only one hoop remains a major challenge for us. 

Sealing the pores of the stave bowl with buttermilk.


A waterproof stave bowl. 

Bram drinking beer from his own made stave bowl.

Afterword


After two years, our first waterproof stave bowls are still in good shape and remain waterproof. They have survived storage and moving to and fro to the historical open air museum where reside as a living history  group. They seem more sustainable than the previously thought 'medieval disposable cup'.

The reconstructed pine stave bowl with wicker hoops: side, bottom and top view.


This blogpost is a translated and extended version of our article 'Middeleeuwse duigenschaaltjes – geschiedenis en (re)constructie' from the Gildebrief (2024). A pdf from this post can be found here.

Sources: 

  • AOC Archaeology group, 2021-2023. Bowled over. Blogpost. Available at: https://www.aocarchaeology.com/key-projects/conservation-perth-city-hall/bowled-over (this is a nice preservation project of a stave bowl from Scotland)
  • Brisbane, M. and Hather, J. (eds.), 2007. Wood use in medieval Novgorod. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK.
  • Dubbe, B., 2012. Huusraet. Het stedelijk woonhuis uit de Bourgondische tijd. Uitgeverij Poldervondsten, Hoorn, Nederland.
  • Müller, U., 1996. Holzfunde aus Freiburg, Augustinereremitenkloster und Konstanz. Herstellung und Funktion einer Materialgruppe aus dem späten Mittelalter. Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1991/92. Stuttgart: Theiss (Forschungen und Berichte der Archäologie des Mittelalters in Baden-Württemberg, 21).
  • Müller, U., 2008. Drechslern und Böttchern – Holz verarbeitende Handwerke. In: Archäologie und mittelalterliches Handwerk. Soester Beiträge zur Archäologie band 9. Westfälischer Verlagsbuchhandlung Mocker und Jahn, Soest, Germany, pp. 169-200.
  • Neugebauer, W., 1975. Arbeiten der Böttcher und Drechsler aus den mittelalterlichen Bodenfunden der Hansestadt Lübeck. In: Renaud, J.G.N. (eds.), Rotterdam Papers II. A contribution to medieval archaeology, pp. 117-137.
  • Podcast Prehistorisch dorp: houtwerken, 2023. Een discussie over houtbewerking in de middeleeuwen met wetenschappers, professionals en experimenteel archeologen.
  • Renaud, J.G.N., 1980. Klein gedraaid houten huisraad uit de Middeleeuwen. Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 31, Nederlandse kunstnijverheid en interieurkunst, pp. 24-35.
  • Ulbricht, I., 2006. Das geböttcherte Holz aus dem mittelalterlichen Schleswig. In: Holzfunde aus dem mittelalterliche Schleswig. Ausgrabungen in Schleswig. Berichte und Studien 17. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster, Germany, pp. 97-198.
  • Van der Gaag, M. and Van de Pas, B., 2024. Middeleeuwse duigenschaaltjes – geschiedenis en (re)constructie. Gildebrief 2024, pp. 28-35.
  • Van Deun, Y. en Vrede, F., 2015. Houten duigenbakjes uit de Late Middeleeuwen en Vroegmoderne Tijd. Paleo Aktueel 26, pp. 99-106.

new project (three drawwer) pt XVI(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Sun, 11/30/2025 - 3:17am


 I'm feeling so much better but that comes with a caveat. I am also bone weary, and I just want to lie down and do nothing. I felt good when I first woke this AM but I then nodded out at my desk after posting for over 3 hours. I think the pneumonia cough is gone and the cold, has improved, but lingers still. Not a 100% yet but I think I'm close, oh so close.

Still haven't gone on a post lunch stroll. I am going to try a walk around the block tomorrow to see how well I do. Not sure how that will go. Will I be short of breath or will the exertion of it be too much. I'll find out either way then.

 knob layout

Before I changed my mind on the knobs, I laid them out. Simply centered them on the drawer fronts.

 sneak peek

I like this look. The knobs are just large enough where they don't over power their drawer fronts. They should pop a wee bit more once the shellac is applied.

last step

The woodworking is done, I think and I'm ready for finish. Before the final sanding I filled any gaps in the tails/pins with cherry sawdust and super glue. 

 the plan

Went back and forth on how to attach the single drawer enclosure to the two drawer top. Initially I was going to use epoxy but I didn't have a warm and fuzzy with that. Instead I decided on using 1/8" dowels. I am using 3 dowels on 1/2 the length of each side. Clipped brad nails were used to transfer the dowel positions between the single and the two drawer enclosures.

fingers crossed

Ready to see how well I did. I used a drill guide to drill the holes in the enclosure and the top. The wooden pins are a frog hair thinner than the 1/8" holes I drilled. Not sure if I would need that amount of wiggle room.

 ta da

Nailed it, literally. The back is flush with  the back of the bottom but the centering is off. The right side is a 1/8" off center from the left side. I can't see it and I thought I had been extra careful when I laid it out. The important thing is the dowels all lined up dead on.

the tedious part

I have already sanded with 80 and 120 with sanding blocks. I'll finish with 150 and 220 before calling it done. I stopped after sanding this with 150. Hopefully I'll finish the sanding in the AM/PM tomorrow.

accidental woodworker

Revisiting the QRS-Tree-UV Design

David Fisher - Carving Explorations - Sat, 11/29/2025 - 7:25pm
Three years ago, I drew up the design for these “QRS-Tree-UV” alphabet boards. I wrote about my design process in this post back then. I’ve had some fun revisiting the design and carving these three new boards. There they sit … Continue reading
Categories: Hand Tools

Featured on the front page of the Heritage Crafts Association

Rivers Joinery - Sat, 11/29/2025 - 6:55am

A feature on the front page of the Heritage Crafts Association, for all of our hand tool work shown there.

A Voice for Craft - Heritage Crafts |

A direct link to the page.

Jon Bayes, Maker at Heritage Crafts |


Also, this week a date has been set for the exhibition at Birdwood House, Totnes for the same stuff; put the date in your diary and come along and show support; 11-18th July 2026. All the furniture and woodworking demonstrations, obviously!

And in other exciting news, my welcome pack from the Guild of Master Craftsmen arrived, replete with stickers for the van.



On Safety: No Risk, No Learning

The Literary Workshop Blog - Sat, 11/29/2025 - 6:41am

One of our family’s favorite children’s books is called Very Worried Walrus. It was part of the Sweet Pickles books published in the late 1970s. Each book featured an animal character (such as Moody Moose or Responsible Rabbit) whose all-too-human foibles got him or her into trouble. Some of the stories are better-conceived than others, but the story of Worried Walrus is perfect. If you ever find a used copy, get it.

The premise of the story is that Walrus is about to ride his bike, but he is worried about all the things that might go wrong. His companion, Positive Pig, being of an optimistic disposition, encourages him to try anyway. Nearly the whole book is taken up with Walrus spinning out a tale of mishap upon mishap that ends with him being nearly drowned in a river and trudging miserably for endless miles at night in the rain. Of course, it’s all in his imagination, and once Pig shakes Walrus out of his self-inflicted nightmare, Walrus reluctantly gets up on his bike, starts riding, and immediately crashes. He gets up, dusts himself off, and realizes that he is fine–and that’s where the book ends.

It’s an insightful, funny lesson about the senselessness of what we now call catastrophizing. And the story has proved to be a reliable guide as I have considered the best approach to safety in the workshop, especially when I have gotten my kids involved and taught them to use my tools.

Periodically I have published articles that feature my kids participating in the craft. And every time–and I mean every time, aside from this blog–I have published an image of one of my kids doing woodworking, some well-meaning grown-up has wagged a virtual finger while providing a mini-lecture on safety.

“Shouldn’t that toy box have a soft-close support for the lid so the kids’ fingers don’t get slammed in the chest!?!”

No, sir, it shouldn’t. The kids know the lid is heavy, and they know better than to let their fingers get caught in it. Same as you. How dumb do you think my kids are?

“Shouldn’t that child be supervised while she uses those tools?!?”

Sir, where do you think I was when I took the picture? I was standing right there. Do you think these pictures just take themselves?

But my favorite safety-first reaction was when a nationally-circulating woodworking magazine ran a picture of my kids using handsaws and eggbeater drills, and one reader wrote in chiding me for not having my kids wearing safety glasses.

Sir, have you ever actually used tools like these? When was the last time you were sawing a board by hand and had a wood chip fly up and hit you in the face? How often does an eggbeater drill spray dust in your eyes? What possible use would safety glasses be in an environment like this? Do you wear steel-toed boots when picking up a package from your front porch? Do you wear welding gloves when pouring hot coffee–you know, just in case?

(My actual answer to the letter was a little more diplomatic, but that’s what I wanted to say. I feel better now. Thanks for listening.)

That letter in particular got me thinking not about injuries that could occur to my kids but ones that have actually occurred to them. I made two quick lists, one of things my kids have gotten hurt doing, and another of things my kids haven’t gotten hurt doing:

My kids have hurt themselves while…..

  • Walking down stairs
  • Walking up stairs
  • Closing a door
  • Skating
  • Getting in the van
  • Drinking milk
  • Cuddling the cat
  • Playing soccer
  • Jumping on the trampoline
  • Playing on a Nintendo Wii

My kids have not, however, hurt themselves while…..

  • Shooting a bow and arrow
  • Tending a campfire
  • Sawing boards
  • Handplaning boards
  • Using an electric drill
  • Using a sharp carving gouge

Just like everybody else, my kids have hurt themselves while doing ordinary, everyday activities, yet not once has the injury been debilitating or life-threatening. My kids actually have a superb safety record in the wood shop. We’ve had a few cuts that required Band-Aids, but that’s it.

That’s because they know the tools are sharp. When you use tools regularly and in the proper manner, you develop a respect for what they can do–both to the workpiece and to you. I remember some years ago I had ordered a new blade for a hand plane. My kids noticed that the the blade was wrapped up with paper announcing “Caution! Sharp!” I could practically hear the kids rolling their eyes. “Of course it’s sharp!” they said. “It’s a woodworking tool!”

I am not saying that I would hand a sharp carving chisel to just any 8- or 10-year-old. Children have to be gradually introduced to tools of all kinds if they are to learn to use them properly–which includes using them safely. In our house, age 10 was a rite of passage: that’s when each child got his or her first pocketknife. It’s the smallest Swiss Army Knife with a little blade, a file, and scissors. Carrying that tool around gets them used to using sharp blades to solve little real-world problems like opening boxes and snipping threads.

My wife and I also taught them how to handle pots and pans on a hot stove. When they were preteens, we assigned each one to be a kitchen assistant one night a week. That included helping with food prep, cooking, and cleanup. Now as teenagers, they can each cook a whole meal–and wash the dishes afterward–totally unsupervised.

When they were younger, my kids were shocked to learn that some of their friends still weren’t allowed to use the stove. I know their parents were just trying to keep their kids safe, but they’re also depriving their children of the opportunity to learn real-world skills. If people don’t learn to cook or clean or fix things as kids, then when are they going to learn these things at all? When they’re as big as we are? By then it’s far too late. The body may be “big enough,” but the motor skills required to deftly flip a pancake or drive in a nail won’t be there unless the skill has been practiced already. Instead, these young adults will have learned that “I don’t do that. Mom and Dad do that for me.” It’s called “learned helplessness,” and it’s debilitating.

I have discovered that many of us adults are pretty poor judges of relative risk–telling the difference between things that look risky but aren’t vs. things that don’t look risky but are likely to cause damage. I know parents who wouldn’t let their kids touch a pan on a hot stove, but they’ll give their kid a smartphone and allow hours of unsupervised access to the internet and social media. But let that kid try to saw a board in half with a handsaw, and we immediately run up and try to put safety goggles on him.

I promise I’m not an advocate of free-range parenting. I’m just not into smothering children. I want my kids to grow up into mature, responsible, independent adults who know how to use tools to solve real-world problems. Learning how to do that involves taking little risks here and there. No risk, no learning.

When I’m deciding when to allow my kids to take risks, I have found it useful to think through the worst-case scenario. Not in an “Oh-my-gosh-that-looks-so-dangerous!!!” way, but in a “what is really the worst that is likely to actually happen?” way. In other words, given the laws of physics and the tendencies of human nature, what is the worst thing that could go wrong here?

At the stove, it’s a burn, a cut, possibly some broken glass–nothing that you or I haven’t had happen to us in our own kitchens from time to time, and nothing that first-aid can’t take care of. It’s the same with most hand-powered tools. With a hand saw, for example, it would be very difficult to inflict an injury on yourself that couldn’t be treated with a Band-Aid. A chisel used inappropriately could send you to the ER for a few stitches–and I know because I’ve done it to myself! But that’s about the worst accident that’s likely to happen.

There are, of course, other kinds of woodworking that are far more dangerous, like ripping thin boards on a table saw or cutting up a fallen tree with a chainsaw. Those are activities that, if something goes catastrophically wrong, could leave you permanently disabled.

Then again, so can driving a car. But somehow, I’m guessing that if I posted a picture of a 15-year-old kid using my chainsaw (even with proper safety gear) I would get a few safety-mongers wagging their fingers, even though that same kid can be legally allowed to guide a 1-ton piece of metal at the rate of over a mile a minute down a concrete path within mere feet of other, similar machines, many of which are being operated by people who could well be texting or drunk–as long as I’m sitting next to her.

In reality, we take reasonable risks like driving and cooking every day because we know those activities are worthwhile and necessary, and because we have developed the skills to do these things fairly safely. We didn’t learn those skills by avoiding those activities. At some point, we had to put the car in gear. We had to turn on the stove. That’s why I think it’s really important for kids to grow up using basic tools of all kinds: hammers and nails, drills and screws, saws and hatchets, wrenches and screwdrivers, without grown-ups trying to wrap them up in unnecessary safety gear. They also need to know how to use pots and pans, spatulas and kitchen knives. And they need to know how to use that most basic tool of all–fire. Because soon they will grow up and need these skills, and I won’t always be there to supervise them.

Life is harder than it looks. Cooking, woodworking, even just tending a fire–these things aren’t easy. When you first start building fires, you will be surprised that the trick isn’t usually to keep it from spreading and burning down the whole neighborhood; the trick is to keep it going at all. On a screen, a few swipes or taps or clicks in the right order will usually get you the results you want, whether it’s the image of a fire onscreen or a fast-food meal delivered to your doorstep. But if you want a real fire or a real meal, you’ve got to learn to use the tools yourself. No risk, no learning.

Take something as basic as flipping a fried egg in a skillet. It’s a simple thing, but it takes practice with tools that, if used inappropriately, can hurt you. Because the egg will not simply conform to your will just because you want it to flip. It seems to me that we are raising a generation of kids who think that tasks are supposed to be easy, that the egg is somehow going to flip by itself–or that Mom will always be there to flip the egg for them–or that flipping an egg is as easy in real life as it was on that cute restaurant game they played on the iPad as kids. But in real life, if they want a nicely cooked egg, they’re going to have to spend some time right next to a hot stove burner.

What’s the worst that is likely to happen if we let them try cooking over a hot stove? Maybe a burn or a cut.

But what’s the worst that is likely to happen if we don’t let them try to cook or use a sharp tool or light a fire? A lifetime of dependence, an irrational fear of minor injuries, and a complete lack of real-life skills. I don’t want to run the risk of my kids not learning how to cook meals or do simple household repairs, even if that means we go through a box of Band-Aids every so often.

You and I are going to disagree about exactly how much safety to impose on our kids, and that’s okay. Families are different, and kids are different from each other. I’ve known 8-year-olds that I would trust with a chef’s knife and 16-year-olds that I wouldn’t trust with a Q-Tip. You have to use reasonable judgment in these things.

What I’m asking for here is that we apply the virtue of moderation to our sense of safety. Of course we should take reasonable safety precautions, but that doesn’t mean that all precautions are reasonable. Some are unreasonable. Reasonable safety precautions are those that are focused on preventing the most common and the most catastrophic accidents, and that allow the work to be done in a reasonably effective and efficient way. There is such a thing as being too safety-conscious. You know you’re trying to be too safe if (1) you are trying to protect yourself or others from threats that don’t actually exist, or if (2) your safety precautions are more likely to cause harm than to prevent it.

A classic example is the guy who insists on wearing work gloves while using the band-saw. Wearing gloves sounds safer than sending a board through a moving blade bare-handed, right? Wrong. Because the moment that blade hits the glove, it will pull the glove down into the machine and probably pull your finger down with it. Better to use the band-saw bare handed and risk a few splinters or even a nick with the blade itself.

In the same way, if you’re going to teach your kids to cook at the stove (and you should), why not have a fire extinguisher in the kitchen, too? And make sure everyone knows that it’s okay to use it!

When we are learning a new skill, we all need a generally safe environment in which to take small, limited risks in which the worst-case scenario isn’t catastrophic, and in which other people aren’t constantly on the verge of panic because they are imagining everything that could possibly go wrong. No risk, no learning.

But if we allow our children to take smaller, reasonable risks in the process of learning valuable skills, they stand a good chance of growing up to be capable, independent people who can be trusted to get the job done, instead of becoming young Worried Walruses who are paralyzed with fear about all the horrible things that might go wrong if they pick up a drill or turn on the stove.

new project (three drawwer) pt XV(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Sat, 11/29/2025 - 3:16am

 the original

Here it is Frank. This is the cabinet that the two drawers were originally made for. I did something wrong fitting them and made two new ones. Still haven't found a home for this so it sits in front of the TV stand until one is found.

option one

I kind of like this handle. It fits the scale of the drawers pretty good but I don't have a warm and fuzzy with the color. It compliments the cherry but IMO shiny brass would really pop.

hmm.....

The shiny brass looks good. I'm glad I checked to see what I had in my hardware stash. These were the largest round knobs I had in this style.

small knob

I thought I had more of these then I did. In fact this was the only one I had. The scale fits this drawer and it matches the other two. Saved $40 going to Lee Valley.

came today

This is the best looking book from LAP that I have seen yet. And I got a patch too. Feeling as I do this is a good time to start perusing this.

accidental woodworker 

thanksgiving 2025.......

Accidental Woodworker - Fri, 11/28/2025 - 7:15am

 Regular readers of my daily keyboard dribble may have noticed that I haven't been posting at my regular time. I usually post between 0600 and 0700 but lately that has fallen by the wayside. Because of the pneumonia and now a head cold when I wake up I turn over and go back to sleep.

I'm feeling better with the pneumonia but the head cold is dragging me down. I am bone weary tired all day long. I don't feel like doing anything but vegetating in my bed. I have to convince myself to get up and move. Which led to a slo mo thanksgiving for the wife and I. In hindsight we should have postponed it and did it when we both felt better. 

two bottoms done

Got the bottom on the back glued on and cooked. Bottom for the drawer installed without being dyed cherry. I thought I had some cherry min wax but I couldn't find it so I left the plywood plain.

 hmm.....

Me thinks maybe I shouldn't work when I feel like a used dishrag. I initially planed the excess drawer slip at an angle going high from the right to the left. I then had to correct that angle and you can see that I see sawed on it. I did marginally better on the left side slip.

 the gap filler

Sawed off sliver and than sanded it until it fit in the gap.

done

Got a snug fit with the filler and I couldn't remove it so get some glue on it. So I left it in place and wicked super glue on it. This is at the front so it isn't as readily visible as if it would have beeen at the rear.

 fitted

The single top drawer easily slides in/out without any rubbing or dragging. A downside to this arrangement is the drawer may leave drag marks on the top. I'll have to keep an eye on that. Maybe waxing the bottom of the drawer will help with that?

I need knobs/handles for the three drawers. Searched Lee Valley and found a knob for the single drawer but nothing for the two bottom drawers. I put a couple of choices in the cart but before I buy them I want to look around other options.

accidental woodworker

Happy Thanksgiving (2025)!

The Apartment Woodworker - Thu, 11/27/2025 - 7:33am
Happy [American] Thanksgiving to those who celebrate! It’s November 27, 2025 and things are in a weird place. It’s been a busy year for me, professionally. Workflow is good; the pipeline is strong. And all I want to do is spend some quiet time in the workshop and forget about the chaos out there. It’s […]

good news and bad news.......

Accidental Woodworker - Thu, 11/27/2025 - 6:46am

 The good news is I spent some time in the shop today. The bad news is my wife is now sick. Thanksgiving is going to be interesting for sure. On the other side of god news, the cough is still getting better so I hope that it is pneumonia and not the C word. 

 notching for the back

I had gone to the shop just to stand and look around. I unclamped the drawer and things just snowballed from there. Decided to go for as long as I could. 

 splitting 

The splitting went better than anticipated. Next up was planing the bottom glue on piece to fit in the notch.

sigh

How did this happen and more importantly, how did I miss this? This will be visible so I'll have to fill it in somehow.

 new piece glued and cooking

While that was cooking I scraped the glue squeeze out from the drawer slip.

done

Took 5 plane runs before the drawer slid in/out easily. Got a gap but there is nothing I can do to improve it. I'll have to live with it as is.

drawer front is flush

This gave me fits. The left drawer is about 1 1/4" short on the depth. I made 4 stand offs without any of them working. The fifth set was the charm and I did that by planing them and checking until the drawer front was flush.

stand offs

This is what kicked my arse and made feel as smart as box of pointy rocks.

I got the right drawer standoff done too but missed getting any pics of it. At this rate it will be another week before this gets done.

accidental woodworker

when will it be over?.........

Accidental Woodworker - Wed, 11/26/2025 - 9:11am

 I'm going into week four of feeling like crap. Yesterday was the worse. The cough is getting better. The frequency of hacking is down, the intensity is down, and I'm grateful for that. However, I now have a full blown snot locker crammed shut cold. I honestly don't know what feels worse - the cough or this cold.

I spent the entire day in bed feeling miserable. It sucks being sick but more so right before a holiday. Today's post is late because I forced myself to get out of bed and post something. 

So no progress to report on the 3 drawer project but it is close to being done. Just have to feel good enough to waddle on down to the shop and do something. Maybe tomorrow I'll have pics to back that up.

accidental woodworker 

Parquetry Class Day 3

The Barn on White Run - Wed, 11/26/2025 - 6:38am

The day began with smoothing the parquetry compositions, first with toothing planes, both manufactured and home-made, then followed by blocks of pumice.

The next step was to lay out a simple banding knotwork design for one corner as an exercise.

Excavating for the inlay came next, followed by cutting and fitting the elements of the design.

In the end everyone went home with examples of the techniques to apply to their upcoming projects.

If this technique interests you I hope you will join me for next year’s class on October 1-3, 2026.

Categories: Hand Tools

new project (three drawwer) pt XII(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Tue, 11/25/2025 - 5:30am

 Feeling a little better but still coughing. The cough is a wee bit better, softer, and I haven't had a coughing fit that lasts for hours. Occasionally my stomach will hurt as I cough which sucks pond scum. Not only do I have to endure the cough but also my stomach screaming arias at me. And it lingers for several minutes. I have a follow up with my PCP on the 11th of Dec and I will definitely bring it up. Until then I'll have to suck it up and deal with it.

can we say yummy in my tummy together

 Cornbread stuffing for thanksgiving and I'll be the only one eating it. My wife likes traditional bread stuffing which I don't like. I have yet to taste one that tastes good and doesn't have a mouth feel of a worn out wet sponge. I made this last year (two pans) and I ate it all. 

I made this in the morning and got it out of the oven a few minutes before 1100. Of course I had to sample it - yummy in my tummy. I did forget the carrots though. I like carrots a lot but it was too late to include them. The stuffing had been in the oven for 10 minutes already when I remembered them.

bottom in the slips

Got it dead nuts on the first try. Usually takes at least one trim before that magic happens.

sigh......

I split the bottom for about 3 1/2" when removing the slips and bottom from between the sides. Super glued it back together along with a half pin that cracked too.

drawer guide

The distance from the back of the center stile to the back was 8". I made the drawer guide 4" long and glued it in place with super glue and yellow glue.

 hmm......

I don't understand why the right drawer only goes in this far. The drawer guide is the exact same width as the center stile so WTF? This has got to be the billionth hiccup I have had to address with this project so far. After the drawer guide has time to cook I'll plane it with my bullnose plane.

 hmm.....

Nixed the rabbets in the sides and I am going with a single tail back. I'm putting the tail in the back rather the sides. I did it this way so I could put the back in without having to push one or both sides outward if the back was the pin board.

 sawing the pin

I would normally saw this from the outside face to the inside face so the fuzzies end up there. However, this is the only way to clamp the drawer to saw it. I used a dozuki so the fuzzies ended up on the inside.

clean

I chopped all the waste from this side. None of my chisels are short enough to be used on the opposite face. Chisel fit but there was zero room to swing a mallet to whack the chisel.

 good fit and it is square

Happy to see this. I was expecting the drawer to be twisted but luck was on my side.

 drawer slips cooking

Rather then try to match up the drawer slip to the groove on the front, I left it way proud. After it has cooked I will plane the bottoms of the slips flush.

ugh

This is not a yikes, a hiccup, a hmm...., a brain fart, or a me-steak. This is a brain dead screw up of hurrying up and wait and getting bit on the arse and drawing blood. By the way, this is not a gap but a chasm.

 off cut

This is the off cut from ripping the back to width. I'll glue this on in the AM or PM tomorrow.

homemade cranberry sauce

Again this something that only I will be eating. I will eat the stuff in a can but this IMO is so much better. Whole cranberries, sugar, orange juice, orange zest, a little water and a splash of orange grand mariner. Yummy in my tummy. This is the only thing that is a bit tart/sour that I will eat.

accidental woodworker 

The Quiet Workshop Autumn Newsletter

The Quiet Workshop - Mon, 11/24/2025 - 8:02am
A handcrafted wooden chair with a woven seat and a simple, elegant design, displayed on a wooden workbench.

We’ve had a lovely year of courses and shows, meeting new people and sending them home happy, well-fed and with a chair they’re proud of.

It’s been busy with new opportunities: we’ve taught Danish cord weaving at the Festival of Upholstery, a seat weaving class at the St.Alban’s Upholstery School and have launched workbench plans in our online shop.

Thank you so much to everyone who has come on a course, at our workshops and elsewhere. Thanks also to those who have supported us through buying products in our new shop.

Our courses start again in March but over the winter we’ve got plenty to keep us occupied: a new chair design that will be offered as a course, production of our hard finishing wax and vice screws and the launch of custom made workbenches, available from our online store. We’ll have more details of all of these in the new year.

Course Dates 2026

We’ve published the dates for our courses for 2026 – they’re all available on our website. They link through to Craft Courses for booking.

So that we don’t disappoint anyone we always run courses that have bookings; if just one person books on a particular date then that course will run. Whilst this makes no financial sense whatsoever we feel that if people make plans in advance they should be confident that they’re not going to be disappointed.

That said, we’ve scheduled over 30 courses for next season and sometimes we cancel courses that don’t have bookings a couple of weeks beforehand if they’re close to another date that’s fully booked.

If you’d like a course for a small group and our dates don’t suit you please get in touch. If we haven’t had a booking at a time that does suit you we’re always happy to move things around.

Shows – 2026

We’ve really enjoyed the shows this year and though they take out weekends during the season we find them a lovely way to meet people who are interested in our craft.

Some of these dates are provisional because not all the shows we attend have confirmed dates yet. We’ll update them on the website if they change.

If you think there’s a craft show within an hour’s drive of Cambridge that we should attend please drop us a line. We’re always grateful for new opportunities.

Workbench plans – available now.

Thanks to everyone who has downloaded or bought paper copies of our workbench plans. We’ve had some really useful feedback on these and we are looking forward to seeing some of the finished benches.

3D model of a woodworking bench featuring a sturdy structure, a slatted lower shelf, and a crank mechanism for clamping workpieces.

They’re available in six different sizes: three in metric, three in imperial. But they’re not just a straight conversion. We’ve designed the imperial and metric benches around the materials most commonly available in different regions and have worked out sensible sizes so that you don’t end up with something silly like a bench top that’s six feet six and forty seven sixty-fourths of an inch!

  • 1m/3.5′ – ideal for chairmaking, small and easy to store but rock solid
  • 1.5m/5′ – a good sized joinery bench but every piece is manageable when setting up or moving it around
  • 2m/7′ – a bench big enough for any furniture project but with a top that’s still moveable by a normal human being

These benches have been designed with five principles in mind:

  • Built from easily available materials with basic woodworking tools
  • Only very basic joinery skills required
  • Easy and quick to set up
  • Every component must be light enough to move easily around your workspace
  • Rock solid; the fact that it packs down quickly mustn’t make it flimsy in use

The plans include complete cutting lists for all pieces, a suggested tool list and instructions. Eventually there will be YouTube videos. We’ve finished the introductory video and working on the next 4!

Workbench vice screws

A collection of wooden parts for a workbench vice, including a threaded screw, blocks, a threaded rod, and several small components, placed on a wooden work surface.

To help you along with your workbench build we’ve started selling the vice screws that we use on our benches. You can use a metal vice attached to the top or you can get a wooden vice screw from us.

St.Alban’s Upholstery School & Studio

A woven Danish cord seat on a wooden chair with a rustic finish, placed in a workshop environment with tables and materials in the background.

In September we taught a one day workshop in seat weaving with Danish cord and seagrass at the wonderful St.Albans Upholstery School. Participants brought their own chairs that needed a new seat and we worked out a solution for each chair. At the end of the day 8 new seat weavers went home with a completed chair.

It was a really challenging and worthwhile day. Usually we’re teaching people to weave the same seat with only a slight variation in pattern so seeing 8 different designs go home at the end of the day was very satisfying.

Nothing says you’ve done a good job like being invited back and we’re delighted to be delivering another course in January. Keep an eye on their website for details.

If you don’t know St.Alban’s Upholstery School and Studio I hesitate to point you towards their website. 5 minutes of looking at their gallery can prompt either a career change or radical rethink of your interior designs – you have been warned!

A splash of colour

An array of dyed Danish cord in various colors, neatly arranged on cardboard tags on a light wooden surface.

Our amazingly talented friend Jacqui Symons at Slow Lane Studio sent us some dyed Danish cord earlier in the year. We’ve been itching to weave it into a seat and finally found the time and the right chair.

A handcrafted armchair featuring a woven seat made of natural Danish cord, with a light wood frame and vertical slats on the backrest.

This arm chair uses cord dyed with Brazilwood. The photos don’t really do it justice. It’s an incredibly rich and deep colour and gives the light ash and muted Danish cord chair a new dimension.

A book titled 'From Plant to Print' by Jacqui Symons, displayed on a wooden surface, featuring images of natural dyes and pigments for printmaking.

We’ve got several more samples to try before we work out what to do next. It’s unlikely that it will feature on a course soon because we need to test it for colour transfer (sitting on it in light coloured trousers!) before we can be sure it’s a complete success. But for the time being we’re delighted!

Jacqui published a book recently on natural dyes and pigments. It’s the culmination of years of testing and researching and is beautifully illustrated. Available direct from her website.

Hard wax

A hand pressing a corded tool into a tin of finishing wax, with a wooden surface in the background.

On every course we get asked about finishes: oil or varnish, shellac or wax? We’re always very hesitant to recommend finishes to course participants because we’ve been so unhappy with what’s available. Ideally a finish should be easy to apply, hard-wearing, non-colouring and easy to repair if it gets damaged.

This is called a unicorn finish.

We’ve used lots of different finishes over the years and have had acceptable results from shellac and Osmo Polyx Raw, mixed results from oils and varnishes and disappointing results from waxes.

As a generalisation the longer a finish lasts the harder or more time-consuming it is to apply. Lots of oils and varnishes give too much orange or yellow colour to the wood. Soft waxes are easy to apply but give little long-term protection to the wood.

So several years ago we started experimenting with our own wax recipe. Most furniture waxes are soft and contain beeswax or a soft microcrystalline wax. Most use a petroleum based solvent. Most are easy to apply but offer very little longevity or protection.

But there is an alternative. Automotive and marine wax manufacturers use Carnauba wax, a natural, plant-based wax that has a higher melting point than beeswax but is much harder and longer lasting. It’s what professional ‘detailers’ use to make supercars look shiny.

We started experimenting with a blend of Carnauba wax, beeswax and citrus oil to create a wax that is definitely a little bit harder to apply than traditional soft waxes but offers much better protection and longevity.

We’ve been using it on all of our workshop and household furniture for several years and have been tweaking the formula each time. Now we’re happy with the results.

It’s applied with either a burnisher or a grey pad, left for a few minutes and then buffed off.

A tin of homemade hard finishing wax with a partially open lid, placed on a wooden surface alongside a cloth and a roll of twine.

We use it on its own or over other finishes if required. It gives a soft, subtle sheen and leaves the wood feeling smooth and protected.

The huge advantage of a finish like this is that it can be applied in one coat and the piece of furniture can be handled straight away. You don’t need to leave it to dry overnight and if it starts to wear you can easily top it up without having to sand it back.

We’ve got to work out the packaging details and then we’ll be putting it up on website: look for it in the new year.

As always, if you’re interested in coming on a course and you want to find out more please give us a ring (07778 397328) or drop us an email. You can book all of our courses through the links on our website. If our dates aren’t perfect for you or you want to book for a group give us a call; we can usually work something out. Don’t forget course fees include all materials, lunch and refreshments each day.

Enjoy your time in the workshop.

StJohn & Bryony

Two individuals seated in a workshop, smiling at the camera. One wears a red hoodie and the other a beige sweater. In the background, various wooden chairs and a small table are visible.

new project (three drawwer) pt XI(?)............

Accidental Woodworker - Mon, 11/24/2025 - 3:49am

Didn't sleep well at all last night. On the bright side it wasn't because I was trying to cough myself into a stupor. I just couldn't fall asleep and stay asleep. Spent most of the night watching You Tube. That really screwed my AM today. I was feeling comatose and went back to bed after breakfast. I slept fitfully until lunch and got up. Felt better but still a bit tired. Spent 4 hours in the shop and got some things done.

made the change

I thought more about the gaps to be filled I decided to go with a half lap.

 did better

Positioned and clamped the carcass before sawing the half lap. Found out I have a kink in the saw blade. In spite of that I sawed on the knife lines without wandering out into La La Land.

 initial fit

Got a snug fit top/bottom and side to side. I still had to saw the half lap on the center stile.

 handy router

This router was the perfect size for routing the bottoms of the half lap mortises.

half tenons

Sawed the shoulders and split the tenons with a chisel.

 yikes

Only this one was below. I had to build it up with a couple of pieces of veneer to get it a frog hair proud.

 glued and cooking

Screwed up here and put the cart before the horse. The plan was to put the back in a dado but that ain't happening now. I only noticed this after about 10 minutes after glue up. Too late to separate the sides from the front.

 should work

I think I can dovetail the back - if not I may have to make a new drawer. Or nail the back on - I should be able to put a rabbet on the back ends? 

took a while

The tails on the front had gaps. They closed up with clamps but the sides toed in almost an inch. Wedged a scrap to hold the ends square while it cooked.

accidental woodworker

Carcase saw rippeled Gidgee

Two Lawyers Toolworks - Sun, 11/23/2025 - 11:20am
Carcase sawrippeled Gidgee250 mm long45mm deep15 TI Crosscut   Pedderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12692353908068506678noreply@blogger.com0
Categories: Hand Tools

New body

Rivers Joinery - Sun, 11/23/2025 - 9:39am


Some times everyone feels like they need a new body. I spent today making a new body for a moulding plane.

I bought these two at a sale. The blades cleaned up, and are useable.


There was some worm in the bodies, a sole repair on one and a broken wedge. I soaked the bodies in turpentine for several weeks, but this summer fresh worm holes appeared.

I have lots of beech, and was intending to make some new jointers with it. These two are more pressing, so they have jumped the queue.


I really enjoyed making the first one, and looking forward to making the second.


And of course, using them.


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